谈安全评价及其方法

概括了安全评价的定义和作用,详细地论述了两种定量的安全评价方法——指数法和概率法,简单介绍了我国安全评价工作的发展和存在的问题。     

矿井风险评价基本模型研究与探讨

提出风险的绝对值和相对值的概念,探讨了如何合成事故发生可能性和事故后果严重程度这两个指标,如何确定多个评价单元的评价对象的风险等级划分等问题。     

典型地铁站的污染物扩散全尺寸试验研究

为全面了解地铁站内有毒有害气体的扩散发展规律,选取北京某地铁站开展了全尺寸实地扩散试验.利用三维超声波风速仪和多通道风速仪对机械通风工况下的站内流场进行监测,并对其气流组织形式进行分析;采用六氟化硫（SF₆）释放、时序采集和离线检测的方法,研究重气的传输速度和扩散范围等扩散与沉降规律,以期为地铁站内人员疏散路径规划提供数据支撑.结果表明：该地铁站在机械通风工况下,会形成一个较为规律的主流场,将其划分为相对独立的东、西两个区域,污染气体SF₆只能在释放源所处的气流顺向区域内流动,反向区域多个监测点SF₆均未检出;重气在扩散时会出现明显的沉降现象,SF₆浓度由2.5 m处的25 ppm分别升高至1.6 m处的180 ppm和0.5 m处的300ppm,且易于在楼梯、边缘等位置的地面积累从而形成局部高浓度区域,浓度可高达300 ppm以上;少量气体可以通过楼梯进入上层站厅,但浓度总体低于75 ppm,难以进一步由出入口扩散至站外地面;应急处置时,需要尽快将乘客向上层或气流反向区域疏散.     

Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

● Salinity led to the elevation of NAR over 99.72%. ● Elevated salinity resulted in a small, complex, and more competitive network. ● Various AOB or denitrifiers responded differently to elevated salinity. ● Putative keystone taxa were dynamic and less abundant among various networks. Biological treatment processes are critical for sewage purification, wherein microbial interactions are tightly associated with treatment performance. Previous studies have focused on assessing how environmental factors (such as salinity) affect the diversity and composition of the microbial community but ignore the connections among microorganisms. Here, we described the microbial interactions in response to elevated salinity in an activated sludge system by performing an association network analysis. It was found that higher salinity resulted in low microbial diversity, and small, complex, more competitive overall networks, leading to poor performance of the treatment process. Subnetworks of major phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi) and functional bacteria (such as AOB, NOB and denitrifiers) differed substantially under elevated salinity process. Compared with subnetworks of Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrosomonas (AOB) made a greater contribution to nitrification under higher salinity (especially 3%) in the activated sludge system. Denitrifiers established more proportion of cooperative relationships with other bacteria to resist 3% salinity stress. Furthermore, identified keystone species playing crucial roles in maintaining process stability were dynamics and less abundant under salinity disturbance. Knowledge gleaned from this study deepened our understanding of microbial interaction in response to elevated salinity in activated sludge systems.     

Bioenergy production from chicken manure: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Adopting waste-to-wealth strategies and circular economy models can help reduce biowaste and add value. For instance, poultry farming is an essential source of...     

Tank-dependence of the functionality and network differentiation of activated sludge community in a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic municipal sewage treatment plant

● Environmental parameters affected functional bacteria and network associations. ● The structure and interactions of AS networks changed greatly within tanks. ● Anoxic co-occurrence network was more unstable and easily influenced. ● Composition of functional bacteria had a seasonal succession pattern. ● Tetrasphaera was the major PAO in spring and winter leading a better P removal. Understanding the structures and dynamics of bacterial communities in activated sludge (AS) in full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is of both engineering and ecological significance. Previous investigations have mainly focused on the AS communities of WWTP aeration tanks, and the differences and interactions between the communities in anaerobic and anoxic tanks of the AS system remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the structures of bacterial communities and their inter-connections in three tanks (anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic) and influent from a full-scale WWTP with conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A/A/O) process over a year to explore their functionality and network differentiation. High-throughput sequencing showed that community compositions did not differ appreciably between the different tanks, likely due to the continuous sludge community interchange between tanks. However, network analysis showed significant differences in inter-species relationships, OTU topological roles, and keystone populations in the different AS communities. Moreover, the anoxic network is expected to be more unstable and easily affected by environmental disturbance. Tank-associated environmental factors, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and nutrients, were found to affect the relative abundance of functional genera (i.e., AOB, NOB, PAOs, and denitrifiers), suggesting that these groups were more susceptible to environmental variables than other bacteria. Therefore, this work could assist in improving our understanding of tank-associated microbial ecology, particularly the response of functional bacteria to seasonal variations in WWTPs employing A/A/O process.     

《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》下的生物多样性监测

生物多样性监测是执行和评估《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性保护框架》（简称《昆-蒙框架》）长期目标和行动指标所需要的关键数据的主要来源。简要介绍了《昆-蒙框架》下的全球生物多样性观测网络（The global biodiversity observation network,GEO BON）概况、中国已有的生物多样性监测/观测网络,构建全球生物多样性观测系统（A global biodiversity observation system,GBiOS）的目的和核心监测指标,分析了生物多样性监测网络建设的一般步骤和GEO BON建议的4种生物多样性监测新方法。提出,地理空间单元与生物类群的全覆盖监测是建设生物多样性监测网络的主要目标,传统监测方法和新监测技术的互补是当前生物多样性监测的重点工作内容。     

中国辐射环境监测法规标准问题分析

随着辐射环境复杂程度的不断提升,国内外良好实践和先进技术的出现,以及中国持续改善环境质量总目标的确立,中国的辐射环境监测法规标准体系面临新的挑战。通过对中国辐射环境监测法规标准进行梳理和研究,指出现有法规标准中存在的问题,提出解决问题的对策,建议加快制修订《中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法》、《环境监测管理条例》、《环境监测管理办法》以及辐射环境监测工作系列导则和相关行业标准,以保证辐射安全工作规范开展,全方位保证中国辐射环境质量提升。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱测定养殖废水中17种氟喹诺酮类抗生素

采用固相萃取-液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)技术,建立了养殖废水中17种氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)的测定方法.水样在采用固相萃取法富集前,先用0.45 μm的聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤,而后加入5％甲醇(体积比),用盐酸溶液将水样pH调节至2.0±0.5,经固相萃取柱富集,最后用9mL0.1％甲酸甲醇...     

Factorial fuzzy programming for planning water resources management systems

In this paper, we propose a factorial fuzzy programming (FFP) approach for planning water resources management systems. The conventional fuzzy method cannot reflect the interactions among uncertain system parameters nor quantify their interactive effects. This may lead to important interrelationships among system parameters being neglected in systems analysis, and the derived decisions may not be robust enough to support the management under uncertainties. The objective of this study is to develop an FFP approach to deal with such interactive uncertainties. Factorial analysis (FA) was integrated with the fuzzy technique to quantify the effects of multiple fuzzy modeling parameters on the system performance and to reveal their implicit interrelationships. A flood-diversion planning case was studied to illustrate the applicability of the FFP approach. The individual and interactive effects of fuzzy parameters on the system objectives were evaluated. The influential effects were identified and the implicit interrelationships within influential interactions were revealed.