一种新型光催化剂用于降解腈纶废水研究

将1,10菲啰啉和铁Fe2+溶液配成络合物负载到D113树脂上作为可见光催化剂,利用该催化剂对腈纶废水进行了降解研究,考察了该负载型铁氮配合物催化剂处理腈纶废水的影响因素。由实验结果可知,该催化剂处理腈纶废水最佳条件为：过氧化氢浓度为400 mg/L,催化剂用量为5 g/L,最佳pH值范围为4～9,COD降解率可达68.7%,实现了在温和的反应条件下,即常温、常压、宽pH范围进行反应,充分利用了可见光来处理难降解有机物。     

镉胁迫对向日葵幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

采用溶液培养方法,研究了不同浓度镉(0、0.05、0.1、0.5和1 mg/L)处理7 d对向日葵幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明：随着镉处理浓度的增加,向日葵幼苗对镉的吸收显著增加。1 mg/L镉浓度处理时,叶、茎和根中镉浓度分别为0.05 mg/L镉处理时的16.3、19.2和581倍;根中积累的镉含量明显高于叶和茎, 各浓度根部积累的镉分别为叶和茎的37.8～63倍和29.4～41倍。镉胁迫显著抑制向日葵幼苗生长和叶绿素合成,当镉浓度达1 mg/L时,整株植物生物量和总叶绿素含量分别为对照的55.9%和52.6%。镉胁迫下向日葵幼苗游离脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加,1 mg/L镉浓度时,根中含量分别为对照的4和5.8倍。向日葵幼苗可溶性蛋白含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化与镉胁迫浓度呈明显的倒U字型关系,可溶性蛋白含量在0.05 mg/L镉浓度时达到最大值,叶、茎、根中的POD活性分别在0.1、0.1和0.05 mg/L镉浓度时达到最大值。     

T型氧化沟提高脱氮效率的技术改造

采用延长边沟闷曝时间的方法对BOD降解模式T型氧化沟进行提高脱氮效率的改造。结果表明,边沟闷曝时间由0.5 h增至1 h,系统反硝化和硝化运行时间比t_DN/t_N由0.56调整至0.50时,提高了系统的NH₃-N的硝化效率,强化了脱氮能力。工艺改造后出水NH3-N浓度由改造前15.5 mg/L显著降低至10.4 mg/L,达到了广东省地方标准（DB 44/26-2001）第一时段的二级排放要求;系统脱氮效率由改造前52.1%显著提高到68.3％,有效地解决了污水厂出水NH₃-N浓度过高的问题;具有投资少、效果明显的特点,有一定的推广价值。     

从地气耦合观点讨论洪涝灾害

洪涝主要是气象因素决定的,但特大地震断层错动形成的引张区内地壳释放出携热水气和温室气体与大气环流相配合可能会增加降雨强度.该文讨论了20世纪至2009年4个国内8.0 ～8.5级地震断层错动引张区的洪涝实例;还讨论了苏门达腊-安达曼8.9级地震引张区对应我国西江特大洪水的实例.     

城镇社区地震应急能力评价指标体系的构建

城镇社区是构成城镇的基本单元,是政府实施社会管理的基本单元和主要依托,也是城镇防灾减灾的基本单元.城镇社区地震应急能力评价是地震应急管理的重要内容,建立社区地震应急能力评价指标体系对提高社区地震应急能力、建设地震安全社区和促进城镇地震应急管理工作具有重要意义.     

Differences in plant species diversity between conifer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabulaeformis</Emphasis>) plantations and natural forests in middle of the Loess plateau

We compared differences in plant species diversity between conifer (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantations and natural secondary forests in the middle of the Loess plateau. The goal of the study was to examine the differences in the effect of stand development on species diversity and in species responses to changes between forest types and between forest layers. To clarify the effects of differences in forest management, we emphasized the functional types of plant species occurring in each forest type. The result as follow: (1) The H′ and S of tree layer were significantly lower in natural conifer forest than old conifer and secondary forest, but were not different compared with mid aged conifer forest. The H′ and S of shrub layer were significantly lower in mid aged conifer forest compared with other forest types. The H′ of herb layer showed no significant differences in the four forest types. The evenness index (J′) of tree layer of mid aged conifer forest was lower than other forest communities and its J′ of shrub layer was highest although its richness of shrub layer was lower than in the other forest types. (2) The analysis of β diversity index also indicated large differences between conifer plantations and natural forests. Although the tree layer species were similar in old plantation and natural conifer forests, they differed greatly between the natural conifer and secondary forests. The natural conifer and secondary forest species composition in shrub layer differed significantly from those in plantation and secondary plots. Tree species were significantly less common in plantations than in abandoned coppice forests. Species composition in the herb layer of different forest types was similar. (3) The management of P. tabulaeformis plantations alters plant species composition considerably; the number of sub tall-tree species is increased in old aged conifer forest, especially species dispersed by animals. Plantation management appears to affect ecological processes through seed dispersal. From the perspective of management, the change in the structure and composition of the canopy in plantations could affect the behavior of dispersers and regeneration.     

生物接触氧化/超滤/反渗透法处理稠油污水试验研究

采用生物接触氧化/超滤/反渗透工艺,对陈家庄稠油污水进行了深度处理回用注汽锅炉给水试验研究.试验结果表明,进水含油量为8.1～67.0 mg/L,浊度为35～120 NTU,矿化度为10 454～11 354 mg/L时,生物接触氧化/超滤出水含油量为<0.8 mg/L,浊度为<0.5 NTU,污染密度指数(SDI)<3,各项指标满足反渗透进水要求.反渗透出水矿化度<950 mg/L,出水各项指标优于高压注汽锅炉进水指标.     

Poplar plantation has the potential to alter the water balance in semiarid Inner Mongolia

Poplar plantation is the most dominant broadleaf forest type in northern China. Since the mid-1990s plantation was intensified to combat desertification along China's northwestern border, i.e., within Inner Mongolia (IM). This evoked much concern regarding the ecological and environmental effects on areas that naturally grow grass or shrub vegetation. To highlight potential consequences of large-scale poplar plantations on the water budget within semiarid IM, we compared the growing season water balance (evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation (PPT)) of a 3-yr old poplar plantation (Kp₃) and a natural shrubland (Ks) in the Kubuqi Desert in western IM, and a 6-yr old poplar plantation (Bp₆) growing under sub-humid climate near Beijing. The results showed that, despite 33% lower PPT at Kp₃, ET was 2% higher at Kp₃ (228 mm) as compared with Ks (223 mm) in May–September 2006. The difference derived mainly from higher ET at the plantation during drier periods of the growing season, which also indicated that the poplars must have partly transpired groundwater. Estimated growing season ET at Bp₆ was about 550 mm and more than 100% higher than at Kp₃. It is estimated that increases in leaf area index and net radiation at Kp₃ provide future potential for the poplars in Kubuqi to exceed the present ET and ET of the natural shrubland by 100–200%. These increases in ET are only possible through the permanent use of groundwater either directly by the trees or through increased irrigation. This may significantly change the water balance in the area (e.g., high ET at the cost of a reduction in the water table), which renders large-scale plantations a questionable tool in sustainable arid-land management.     

服装热湿舒适性能评价方法综述1

评价服装热湿舒适性能的方法有很多,包括主观和客观评价,物理、生理和心理方面的评价,以及各种具体的评价方法,但是一直没有对这些方法进行全面汇总研究.本文正是基于以上目的,对于服装热湿舒适性能研究中所用到的评价方法及其适用性逐一分析,最后对全面评价服装热湿舒适性能给出建议.     

辽宁大伙房水库水体中氮、磷污染的变化趋势及其防治对策

讨论了大伙房水库水体中的氮、磷污染状况及来源 ,提出了防治氮、磷污染的方案