Experimental Investigation on The Igniting Fire Sources in Wildland Fire

试图通过试验,研究从林火点火源的红外辐射谱特性确定火焰性质的方法。为此,研制了模拟试验台,可以同时测定各特征火焰区的红外辐射谱和平均温度。用普朗克定律和维恩位移定律对试验数据进行了处理。对三种典型的引火源（烟头、树枝和纸）进行研究的结果表明：引火源的辐射特征波长在１．１－２．１ｕｍ,３．８－４．０ｕｍ,７．８－８．２ｕｍ波段内分布,此波长与各火焰区的特征温度存在对应关系。辐射温度随波长变化。在短波长处较低,此结果与将火焰辐射处理成黑体辐射时的普朗克定律大致相符     

灾害保险赔案数据库的建立及应用——以湖南省溆浦县保险赔案数据库为例

保险公司的赔案资料记录了保险理赔的货币过程,它是进行保险赔会审计分析和保险出险原因分析最可靠的实证材料。作者利用１９８１～１９９３年湖南省保险公司企业财产险、家庭财产险、货物运输险、种养业险等四个主要保险险种的赔案资料,以行政县,区为基本单元建立了达２３３７６１条记录的灾害保险赔案数据库。以湖南省溆浦县保险公司的赔案数据库为例,对其近１０多年来的保险灾害状况进行了初步分析,为当地保险公司提出了保险防灾防损的理论根据。     

利用毛细管柱测定水和废水中的苯系物

本文研究了利用毛细管柱分离、测定水样中的苯系物。该方法用二硫化碳萃取水样中的苯系物,细口径毛细管柱分离,ＦＩＤ测定。在分流比为１００∶１的条件下,方法最低检出浓度在００２５～００４７ｍｇ／Ｌ之间,低于填充柱法。该方法适用于地表水、地下水和废水中微量苯系物的测定。     

A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL MANURE DISTRIBUTION IN MICHIGAN FOR NUTRIENT UTILIZATION1

ABSTRACT: Proper management of animal manure is crucial to the viability of the U.S. animal industry and the quality of the environment. This paper analyzes the animal manure distribution in Michigan, identifies counties with high potential for land application of manure nutrients, and proposes a manure distribution prototype model for transporting surplus manure beyond individual farms for nutrient utilization. Tabulations of animal numbers by county and by 5-digit zip code are used to identify areas with greater potential for land application of manure nutrients. Distribution of the manure nutrients from surplus areas to the nutrient utilization areas is explored in a selected watershed by taking into account manure nutrient value, soil nutrient content, crop nutrient needs, topography and hydrography. The results indicate that by appropriate planning and collaboration transport of the excessive animal manure to suitable crop fields is an appealing alternative to utilize the manure nutrients while minimizing the adverse environmental impact. Further studies are needed to determine the necessary economic and institutional programs to implement the export of the manure at the regional level.     

复合光合细菌法处理化工高浓度有机废水研究

通过复合光合菌群对有机废水的降解试验，结果表明，复合菌群具有比单一光合细菌或普通活性污泥好的处理效果，降解效果高出１８％－３９％，在复合菌群中，光合细菌的优势度明显。     

广州市城市供水水源的合理开发与保护

由于居民生活和商业用水量的急剧增加和市域内水源水质的下降，广州市面临着严重的水质性缺水的威胁。     

生物难降解有机污染物微生物处理技术的进展

耗氧有机污染物的微生物处理技术已日趋完善，研究重点转向生物难解污染物处理，文章详细阐述了几种生物难降解污染物微生物处理技术的研究进展：（１）几种污染物的高效降解微生物的分离培养以及这些高效降解微生物的降解效率和最佳降解条件研究。（２）利用微生物共代谢作用降解污染物的研究，为一些难以作为微生物唯一碳源和能源的污染物生物降解提供一条有效的途径；（３）利用基因工程技术创建高效降解菌的研究，该项技术在提高     

利用毛细管气相色谱法测定水和废水中的丙烯酰胺

本文采用毛细管色谱法建立了水和废水中丙烯酰胺的测定程序。以活性炭柱吸附、浓缩样品中的丙烯酰胺，用甲醇洗脱，洗脱液用FID测定。方法回收率为83．1～99．0％，相对标准偏差为5．34％，检出限为0．016mg／L。     

辽宁大伙房水库水质变化趋势研究

于1979-2003年调查了大伙房水库理化指标,对水质变化趋势进行了研究。入库和库区水体总氮、总磷含量多年平均分别为1.61mg·l-1和0.036mg·l-1;1.23mg·l-1和0.036mg·l-1,均超过国家地表入库Ⅲ和库区Ⅱ类水质标准。库区其他17项水化指标符合国家地表水库区Ⅱ类标准。大伙房水库水体只受到轻度污染,水质等级为近Ⅱ级,属浮游植物响应型中营养水体。     

Ozonation of Cationic Red X-GRL in aqueous solution: degradation and mechanism

Ozonation of the azo dye Cationic Red X-GRL was investigated in a bubble column reactor at varying operating parameters such as oxygen flow rate, temperature, initial Cationic Red X-GRL concentration, and pH. The conversion of dye increased with the increasing of pH and oxygen flow rate. As the reaction rate constant and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient increase while the ozone equilibrium concentration decreases with the temperature, there is a minimum conversion of dye at 25 degrees C. The increasing of initial dye concentration leads to a decreasing conversion of dye while the ozonation rate increases. The formation of intermediates and the variation of pH, TOC, and nitrate ion during ozonation were investigated by the use of some analytical instruments such as GC/MS, GC, and IC. The intermediates of weak organic acids lower the pH value of the solution. The probable degradation mechanism of the Cationic Red X-GRL in aqueous solution was deliberated with the aid of Molecular Orbital calculations. The N(12)-C(13) site in Cationic Red X-GRL, instead of the N(6)-N(7) site, is found to be the principal site for ozone cycloaddition in the degradation processes. During the degradation process, among the six nitrogen atoms of Cationic Red X-GRL, one is transferred into a nitrate ion, one is converted into an amine compound, and the remaining four are transformed into two molecules of nitrogen.