酸析-气浮-生化法处理高浓度印刷油墨废水

油墨废水是一种高浓度的有机废水，COD浓度最高可达15000mg／L。本文针对印染油墨废水COD浓度高的特点，提出了采用酸析-气浮进行预处理，再汇合生活污水-起进行生化处理的工艺方法，经实践证明该工艺合理可行。     

企业安全效益的量化

安全就是效益 ,而安全效益的量化问题一直是企业非常关心的问题。笔者通过安全效益的论述、量化分析 ,提出了企业安全效益由安全管理所创造的直接经济效益、间接经济效益、安全投入转化的经济效益、潜在经济效益四部分组成的新观点 ;推导出安全效益的量化公式 ,从而揭示了安全与效益的辩证统一关系 ;得出了安全效益从定性走向定量是必然的规律和安全效益完全可以进行量化计算的重要结论。     

废钻井液对环境影响分析及处理方法

废钻井液是当前油田急需解决的环保问题之一。实验分析了废钻井液浸出液有害成分以及对生物的影响。对比分析了几种废钻井液处理方法,得出结论：在焉耆盆地最佳的处理方法是固化法。     

中国北方典型污染城市主要绿化树种的滞尘效应(英文)

为研究城市人工植被的滞尘效应及其对城市生态环境的改善作用,以中国北方典型污染城市--临汾市为例.通过野外典型采样法和室内分析,测定了不同生活型主要绿化植物的滞尘能力,讨论了植物的滞尘量与滞尘时间的关系,并且研究了污染程度及距污染源距离对植物滞尘能力的影响.结果表明,在同一降尘条件下,不同生活型植物滞尘能力差异表现为草本植物的滞尘能力显著高于其它生活型植物(落叶乔木,灌木和藤本植物),而其它生活型植物间的滞尘能力无显著差异性;对针叶林来说,圆柏和雪松的滞尘能力间亦存在显著差异.在不同的污染情况下(污染程度及和污染源的距离不同),同种植物的滞尘能力亦有明显的差异,这与植物的高度和生长特性有关.而且,随时间推移,植物叶片的滞尘量呈现周期变化.而不是一个随时间无限增长的量,也有其饱和量.因此,在进行城市绿化设计时,需要综合考虑绿化树种的滞尘能力、滞尘周期及其生长环境情况等.     

规模化养鸡场冲洗废水三段式处理达标排放可行性试验研究

以青岛市某规模化养鸡场冲洗废水为研究对象,考察以"A/O生化+混凝沉淀+MBBR(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor)氧化"三段式处理工艺处理该类废水达标排放的可行性。试验结果表明:A/O生化段可以有效去除废水中有机污染物,COD的去除率可达92.86%,出水COD浓度可以达到DB 37534—2005《山东省畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》第三阶段要求;对BOD5、SS、氨氮及TP去除效率分别可以达到90.81%、89.04%、68.42%及80.79%,但出水尚达不到排放标准要求。混凝沉淀可以有效去除废水中SS及TP,处理后出水浓度分别为44 mg/L及2.26 mg/L,可以达到排放标准要求;经济有效的混凝剂为聚合硫酸亚铁,最优投加量为15 mg/L。MBBR氧化对BOD5及氨氮有着较好的去除效果,水力停留时间8 h时BOD5及氨氮出水浓度分别为42 mg/L及19.40 mg/L,出水可以达到排放标准要求。     

裂解温度调控溶解性生物炭光敏化产生活性氧自由基

溶解性生物炭受紫外光辐射产生的活性氧自由基(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)易对环境造成影响,受到环境领域的持续关注.以玉米秸秆为原料,在不同裂解温度(200～600℃)下制备了5种生物炭,并通过水提得到溶解性生物炭(Dissolved biochar,DBC),系统考察了生物炭裂解温度对DBC结构和组分的影响,并利用化学分子探针定量研究了DBC在紫外光辐射下产生常见ROS的能力,如羟基自由基(Hydroxyl radical,?OH)、单线态氧(Singlet oxygen,¹O₂)和超氧自由基(Superoxide radical,O₂?^-).结果表明,DBC主要由有机酸、类蛋白质和纳米级生物炭构成,前两者皆会随生物炭裂解温度上升而减少,后者则会逐渐增多.高温DBC-(400～600℃)具有更强芳香性和疏水性,但荧光物质含量极低.对DBC产生的ROS进行定量研究发现,仅DBC-200℃和300℃产生少量?OH.DBC-300℃的¹O₂     

Evidence for coupled iron and nitrate reduction in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay

Iron and nitrate (NO₃^?) are dominant physiologically required nutrients for phytoplankton growth, and iron may also play a key role in the marine nitrogen cycle. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved iron (DFe) and Fe(II) in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) from April 2 to July 26, 2017. High concentrations of DFe and Fe(II) predominantly occurred in nearshore and estuarine stations and concentrations were generally higher in April and May. The highest DFe concentration was observed along the coast of Hongdao (51.55 nmol/L) in May, while the lowest concentration was observed in the western coastal region (2.88 nmol/L) in April. The highest and lowest Fe(II) concentrations were observed in the Licun estuary (22.42 nmol/L) and outer bay (0.50 nmol/L) in May, respectively. We calculated the proportions of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) as well as the ratio of Fe(II) to DFe in all four months. The mean Fe(II)/DFe ratio was 0.48 in April, 0.43 in May, 0.69 in June, and 0.32 in July. The mean ratio of NO₃^? to DIN was 0.78 in April, 0.54 in May, 0.20 in June, and 0.62 in July. NO₃^?/DIN continuously decreased in the first three months, while Fe(II)/DFe remained high, which suggests that the reduction of iron and nitrate occurred simultaneously in the surface waters of JZB.     

Insights into pH-dependent transformation of gibberellic acid in aqueous solution: Transformation pathway, mechanism and toxicity estimation

Gibberellic acid (GA₃) is widely used in agriculture and maybe transfer with groundwater flow, which is an endocrine disruptor, but few studies have focused on the transformation pathway and toxicity assessment of GA₃ and its products. Here, GA₃ and its transformation products in aqueous solution were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry hybrid ion trap time-of-flight (LCMS?IT?TOF) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The results showed that the half-life of GA₃ transformation in ultrapure water was 16.1–24.6 days at pH=2.0–8.0, with the lowest half-life occurring at pH=8.0 and highest half-life occurring at pH=3.3. Isomerized gibberellic acid (Iso-GA₃) and gibberellenic acid (GEA) were the main transformation products with a little hydroxy gibberellic acid (OH-GA₃). In North China groundwater, the mass balance of GA₃ and its products was 76.2%, including Iso-GA₃ (58%), GEA (7.9%), GA₃ (7.3%) and OH-GA₃ (3%) after reaching transformation equilibrium. Using Gaussian 09 for chemical computation, it was found that the transformation mechanism of GA₃ was dependent upon the bond energy and the stereochemical feature of its molecular structure. GA₃ always isomerized from the γ-lactone ring due to the lowest bond energy between the oxygen terminus of the γ-lactone ring and A ring. While GA₃ and its transformation products all had developmental toxicity, the predicated LC₅₀ (96 hr) and LD₅₀ of the main products of GA₃ were much lower than those of GA₃, indicating GA₃ would be transformed into higher toxicity derivatives in water environments, posing a significant health risk to humans and the environment.     

双ZBS2型酒杯塔输电线路雷电绕击特性研究

通过建立缩小比例为25:1的双ZBS2型酒杯塔输电线路模型,对其进行长间隙放电,研究了塔头、避雷线保护角、地面倾斜度等因素对雷击绕击率的影响。结果表明:杆塔对雷电先导具有吸引作用,雷击杆塔附近时,线路绕击率较低,从杆塔到档距中央,绕击率呈现一种先增大后减小的趋势;随着避雷线保护角由正到负变化,绕击概率随之降低;线路绕击概率随地面倾斜角增大,而呈现先增大后减小的趋势。本研究结果可指导企业输配电线路的雷电防护工作,为线路绕击防护装置的研发提供数据支持。