Concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the Haihe River of China

Seven typical synthetic musks (SMs) in the samples from the surface water, sediment and fish of the Haihe River were measured. The SM concentrations in the sediment and surface water of the Haihe River were significantly lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Along the flow direction, the SM concentrations in surface water and sediment tended to increase from the upstream to the downstream of Dagu Drainage River. The Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were calculated at high levels in the muscles of crucian carp, common carp, and silver carp. Most of the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for HHCB and AHTN were higher than 1.7, suggesting magnification possibly exist in the musk bioaccumulations of the three fishes in the Haihe River. No significant differences in HHCB/AHTN ratios were observed among the water, fish, and sediment samples (p > 0.05). However, the HHCB/AHTN values in the Haihe River were much lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Compared with several typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the musk concentrations were higher or comparable in the Haihe River.     

惠州西湖浮游植物磷脂脂肪酸特征研究

对富营养化水体常见浮游植物进行了分离和培养,测定了其磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）。同时,检测了惠州西湖浮游植物的磷脂脂肪酸;结合惠州西湖浮游植物群落组成数据,分析了浮游植物磷脂脂肪酸特征及其与浮游植物群落结构的关系。结果表明：结合PLFA与细胞丰度和生物量的分析,α-亚麻酸（18：3ω3）的质量浓度与蓝藻（除湖丝藻外）呈正相关;二十碳四烯酸ARA（20：4ω6）和二十二碳六烯酸DHA（22：6ω3）的质量浓度与硅藻呈正相关;二十碳五烯酸EPA（20：5ω3）和16：3ω3的质量浓度与绿藻呈正相关等,其中16：3ω3为绿藻门独有的脂肪酸。这些均与室内实验得到的结果相符合。本研究表明,磷脂脂肪酸可以作为生物标志物来分析浮游植物组成,它将是一种可行的研究浮游植物群落结构的新方法。     

A bibliometric study about energy,environment, and climate change

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Using the extended science citation index database (SCI) and social science citation index (SSCI) databases, this paper analyzed the characteristics...     

UASB处理高硫酸盐二元酸废水的效果及硫化物控制技术

长链二元酸生产废水具有高有机物和硫酸盐含量的特点。本研究探索了在控制出水硫化物的条件下厌氧生物处理工艺对二元酸废水的处理效能。实验在空白对照(R0)、添加Fe⁰抑制剂(R1)和微曝气(R2)3组UASB反应器中进行。经过93 d的连续运行后发现：添加Fe⁰和微曝气均可提高UASB的运行性能;在稳定期,R1和R2的COD去除率相比R0分别提升了104%和77%,并减少了48%和78%的出水硫化物含量。添加Fe⁰有助于产生甲烷,但微曝气降低了沼气产率和甲烷含量。微生物群落分析表明,AUTHM297、Desulfovibrio、Macellibacteroides、Longilinea是厌氧生物处理二元酸废水中的优势菌属。硫酸盐还原和产甲烷过程可共同作用于二元酸废水中有机物的去除。     

利用过热蒸汽再生不同吸附饱和度的活性炭

利用活性炭进一步处理城镇污水处理厂二级出水,对于城镇污水达标排放具有重要意义。为提高此工艺中活性炭的再生效率,采用过热蒸汽冲洗的方式,对不同吸附饱和度的活性炭进行再生实验。考察了再生温度、再生时间、多次再生对不同吸附饱和度活性炭再生效率和得率的影响。结果表明：在温度为400 ℃的条件下,再生6 h,对不同吸附饱和度的活性炭均能取得最佳的再生效率和较高的得率;经过3次吸附-再生循环后,吸附饱和度为60%活性炭的再生效率与得率损失最少,对二级出水COD的吸附符合伪二级动力学方程,活性炭表面酸性官能团减少,pH_pzc增加;比较再生前后的扫描电镜,再生后的活性炭孔结构更加清晰,炭化与解吸较好。基于上述结果,选取吸附饱和度为60%的活性炭,在再生温度400 ℃、再生时间6 h时,多次再生后,可获得最佳的再生效果和较低的得率损失。     

Treatment of sewage using an aged-refuse-based bioreactor

The refuse in landfills becomes stabilized or aged after years of placement, and the resultant partly or fully stabilized refuse thus obtained is referred to as "aged refuse" in this work. The aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and large quantity of microorganisms, which have been proved to have a strong decomposition capability for both biodegradable and refractory organic matter present in some wastewaters. In this study, the aged refuse excavated from a 10-year old closed landfill compartment at Shanghai Refuse Landfill was used as the substrate in a bioreactor for the biofiltration of sewage taken from the sewage pipeline systems in Shanghai downtown areas. Typically, 120kg of screened aged refuse with a diameter less than 15mm was used as biofiltration material in a round shaped bioreactor with an inner diameter of 80cm and a height of 150cm. Influent sewage with initial COD, BOD, and NH(3)-N concentrations of 400-500, 240-300, and 45-50mg/L, respectively, was introduced into the bioreactor. The corresponding concentrations in the effluent were reduced to below 80-100, 10-20, and 10-15mg/L, respectively, at a hydraulic load of 1000-1200L/m(3) refuse/day, and the treatment efficiencies decreased with increased hydraulic load. The treatment mechanism was also studied. It was found that the pollutant removal efficiencies dramatically decreased when the aged refuse in the bioreactor was preliminarily disinfected using NaClO solutions, indicating that the pollutants in the sewage were biologically removed. The treatment process developed in this work is cost-effective.     

银川紫外辐射特征及TUV模式适用性研究

利用2013-2019年银川紫外观测数据,分析了银川紫外辐射变化特征,基于TUV模式,结合云光学厚度、云顶高度、气溶胶光学厚度、单次散射反照比、波长指数、臭氧柱浓度和NO2柱浓度等遥感资料,研究了TUV模式在银川紫外辐射模拟中的适用性.结果 表明,银川多年年平均紫外辐照度为8.7 W·m-2,7月最高为17.7 W·m...     

汉江上游罗家滩剖面晚更新世以来沉积物粒度端元分析

通过对汉江上游旬阳段开展野外考察,在罗家滩(LJT)发现夹有古洪水滞流沉积层(slackwater deposits,SWD)的风成黄土-古土壤剖面。对采集的沉积学样品进行粒度分析,利用Gen.Weibull函数分布的参数化端元模型反演得出4个端元,结合吸湿水等环境替代指标分析,探讨了各个端元所指示的不同沉积动力环境和物质来源。结果表明:在黄土层和土壤层中,EM1代表的主要是沉积物沉积后在亚洲夏季风影响下,经历强烈风化成壤作用形成的次生黏土矿物组分;EM2代表高空西风和东亚冬季风翻越秦岭而搬运的远源细粉砂组分;EM3代表山谷风从河谷中分布的河流沉积物和坡积碎屑物中以低空短距离形式搬运而来的粉尘物质,并且受到后期气候变化控制下的淋溶作用影响;EM4则代表山谷风从近源的河流沉积物和坡积碎屑物中搬运而来的粗颗粒物质。在古洪水SWD层中,EM1、EM2和EM3主要来源于汉江上游暴雨洪水侵蚀搬运的河谷两岸分布的表层沉积物;而EM4则明确代表河流特大/大洪水环境下搬运沉积的粗颗粒悬移质泥沙。该成果能够为区域环境变化研究提供指导和借鉴。     

黄河沿岸地带水资源约束下的产业结构优化与调整研究

20世纪90年代以来，黄河多年持续断流，已经严重影响到沿岸地带社会经济发展和人民生活，限制了沿岸地带经济潜力的发挥。特别是对黄河下游地区工农业生产造成巨大危害。本文分析了黄河沿岸地带产业结构等社会经济要素与水资源短缺的矛盾，提出应化调整大耗水型的产业结构，大力发展与生活环境友好的生态农业、生态工业，生态旅游等生态产业，并建立有利于水资源节约利用的社会经济体系。