焦化场地典型多环芳烃类污染物精细化风险评估

为准确评估多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤对人体的健康风险,解决目前基于总量风险评估导致土壤PAHs修复目标值过严的问题,采用德国标准研究院颁布的生物可给性测试方式研究了石家庄某焦化厂土壤中苯并[b]荧蒽(BBF)、苯并[k]荧蒽(BKF)、苯并[a]芘(BAP)、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘(IPY)和二苯并[a,h]蒽(...     

不同类型绿地对南京热岛效应的缓解作用

通过研究南京市区林地、有行道树的道路、草坪地、水泥地面篮球场4种城市土地利用类型的气温、空气相对湿度、太阳辐射强度、地面辐射强度和地表温度等因子,比较了不同类型绿地对城市热岛效应的缓解作用.结果表明,在夏季,悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia willd)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng)、薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis K.Koch)行道树以及马褂木(Liriodendron chinense ×L.tulipifera)林能有效阻止阳光直射,太阳辐射强度明显低于篮球场和马尼拉草坪(Zoysia matrella L.Merr);地面辐射强度、地表温度和气温从高到低依次为篮球场,草坪,行道树,马褂木林;而空气相对湿度则表现出相反的趋势;从热岛效应的缓解效果看,树林最强,行道树次之,草坪较弱.     

Particulate matter pollution in Kunshan High-Tech zone: Source apportionment with trace elements, plume evolution and its monitoring

Particulate matter(PM) in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecastwarning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and 16 trace elements in the PM_(2.5) section(Ca, Pb, Cu, Cl, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba)are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic,combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%,respectively. Prediction of plume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM_(10) pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven't captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km~2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone.     

中国分省道路交通二氧化碳排放因子

基于本地化的综合移动源排放模型(Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator,MOVES)模型模拟典型机动车的CO2排放因子,并建立排放因子与速度变化关系的评估方程,结合各省路网平均速度与区域电网排放因子核算中国31个省份分车型的CO2排放因子.同时,综合考虑载客汽车的载客量和客座率,载货汽车的载重...     

美国饮用水水源地保护经验及其对我国的启示

新冠肺炎疫情对公众健康造成了极大威胁。针对疫情可能造成的水污染问题,各地生态环境部门均全力加强城市和农村饮用水水源地水质监测预警工作,突出了当前形势下饮用水水源保护工作的重要性。为实现安全饮用水目标,美国在法制体系、组织结构、饮用水水源地风险评估和保护计划等方面积累了丰富的经验,为我国应对疫情、实现饮用水安全保障提供了诸多启示。美国实践经验表明,饮用水水源地保护应建立从废水排放控制到水源地风险防范的全方位、一体化管理体系;完善"从水源地到水龙头"的监测与应急体系;构建分工明确、权责清晰的制度体系;完善公众参与和信息公开,形成多方共治的良好局面。基于美国水源地保护经验,本文研究提出如下建议:加强全国饮用水水源地风险评估,严防医疗污水和城镇生活污水向水源地排放;加强水源地水质监测和预警,提升监测预警水平并制定备用水源等应急响应计划;强化地方政府对水源地的统一监管职能,明确水源地管理部门和水源地水厂的职责分工,加强组织协调和联防联控;完善公众参与和信息公开,增强公众环保意识和"主人翁"意识。     

滇池沿岸农村固体废物污染调查研究 --呈贡县大渔乡案例分析

以呈贡县大渔乡为案例,调查分析了区域农村固体废物的来源、产生量、成分和处理处置现状,引入了固体废弃物潜在污染负荷指数。     

厂房、办公楼租赁、转让的环境保护问题

随着市场经济的迅速发展，大量厂房办公楼租赁、转让产生新类型的环境问题。由于其具有突发性、隐蔽性、难追究、治理难的特点，因而应将合同(契约)等重要经济环节纳入环境约束，加强管理，切实实施。     

川西北哲波山微细浸染型金矿床岩浆岩特征

对川西北哲波山金矿区内出露的中 -酸性岩脉、岩株的类型、化学成分、地质特征以及微量元素、同位素、稀土元素等特征进行了研究 ,指出印支晚期和燕山早期的岩浆岩均属钙碱质岩系列 ,均起源于幔壳混源区 ,原始岩浆在成分上和演化上又存在着一定的差异性。岩浆岩为成矿提供了一定的物质基础。     

·OH的形成机理及在水处理中的应用

以产生大量·OH为特点的高级氧化水处理技术已逐渐成为各国水处理技术研究的热点。在讨论·OH氧化能力的同时 ,重点讨论了Fenton法、纳米光催化氧化法、电化学催化降解法以及超声降解法·OH的形成机理 ,介绍了它们在水处理中的工业化应用及进展情况 ,展望了今后在该领域中多种氧化降解方法协同作用的发展方向     

Sources, chemistry, impacts and regulations of complex air pollution: Preface

正Clean air is essential to people's health and that of the environment.Since the industrial revolution,however,the quality of the air that people breathe has deteriorated considerably—mainly as a result of human activities.Rising industrial and energy production,the burning of fossil fuels and the dramatic rise in traffic all contribute to air pollution in our cities which,in turn,can lead to serious health problems for instance