有机固体废物堆肥化处理的微生物学机理研究

由于符合持续发展的理念 ,利用微生物技术处理有机固体废物越来越受到人们的重视 ,其核心问题则是木质纤维素的生物降解。随着园林废物等高木质纤维素含量的城市生活垃圾的不断增加 ,以及对农业固体废物和食品工业废物再利用的需要 ,这一领域的研究取得了很大的进展。在研究中 ,针对好氧堆肥和厌氧发酵 2项主要的微生物处理技术 ,对其优势微生物菌群、不同降解底物和微生物降解动力学方面的最新研究进展进行了回顾和总结 ,并对环境微生物制剂的应用以及有机固体废物的微生物处理技术的发展做了合理的展望。     

城市生活污水厌氧生物处理发展现状

回顾了国内外污水厌氧生物处理工艺的发展情况,着重分析了中国城市污水的特点以及厌氧生物处理工艺在城市生活污水处理中的应用情况。     

Distribution and bioavailability of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic ecosystem model

Along with the increasing utilization of engineered nanoparticles, there is a growing concern for the potential environmental and health effects of exposure to these newly designed materials. Understanding the behavior of nanoparticles in the environment is a basic need. The present study aims to investigate the distribution and fate of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic system model which consists of sediments, water, hornworts, fish and snails, using a radiotracer technique. Concentrations of ceria in the samples at regular time intervals were measured. Ceria nanoparticles were readily removed from the water column and partitioned between different organisms. Both snail and fish have fast absorption and clearance abilities. Hornwort has the highest bioaccumulation factors. At the end of the experiment, sediments accumulated most of the nanoparticles with a recovery of 75.7 ± 27.3% of total ceria nanoparticles, suggesting that sediments are major sinks of ceria nanoparticles.     

Comparison of an assay for Dehalococcoides DNA and a microcosm study in predicting reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in the field

The study aims to compare the detection of 16S rRNA gene of Dehalococcoides species and the microcosm study for biotransformation in predicting reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in ground water at hazardous waste sites. A total of 72 ground water samples were collected from 12 PCE or TCE contaminated sites in the United States. The samples were analyzed and used to construct microcosms in the laboratory. The results showed that the presence of Dehalococcoides DNA was well associated with dechlorination to ethene in the field. Nearly half of the wells where Dehalococcoides DNA was detected had ethene as a dechlorination end product. In comparison, for ground water samples of 16 wells where ethene was detected, ethene was produced in 11 of the corresponding microcosms. For most microcosms, during two years of incubation, dechlorination was less extensive than that observed in the field.     

钢铁企业节水评价指标体系的构建

针对中国钢铁行业尚未建立节水评价指标体系的现状,在广泛查阅资料的基础上,遵循科学合理性、目标导向性、实用性和可比性的原则,构建了钢铁企业节水评价指标体系。指标体系的建立使钢铁企业的节水成效具有横向和纵向可比性,有利于调动企业的节水积极性,促进节水技术的发展和推广,为钢铁企业开展节水工作指明目标和方向。     

承包商 HSE 管理体系运行存在问题及对策

分析了承包商HSE管理体系的运行现状,针对存在的问题,提出了管理措施。     

突发环境事件风险源识别与监控技术创新进展——（I）环境风险源识别技术与应用

环境风险防控与环境风险源管理是我国当前环境管理的重要工作之一。为了防控重大环境污染事件、实现环境风险源有序管理、科学决策,开展了重大环境污染事件风险源识别监控与管理技术的研发创新。借鉴国外环境风险源管理经验,遵循环境风险源“分类、分级、分区”管理原则,研发了环境风险源分类、识别与定量分级方法,实现了典型化工园区、特大城市及全国尺度的环境风险源分级,初步提出了全国石化化工行业重点风险企业名单。开发了环境风险源综合管理系统,以期为重点风险源监管、环境风险防控提供技术支持。     

污水厂生物处理单元工艺状态下曝气性能测定与评价

以上海竹园第二污水处理厂2号生物好氧处理单元为研究对象,采用工艺状态曝气充氧性能测定仪对曝气器性能进行现场测定,通过核算氧利用率、曝气均匀性指数、曝气效率综合影响因子等指标,评价该厂曝气器日常运行状态,分析曝气系统在控制上的不足,并针对性地提出优化方案。结果表明,工艺状态下曝气器氧利用率与清水条件下相比下降19.22%~23.78%,曝气均匀性指数在0.80~1.34的范围内,曝气效率综合影响因子偏低,充分表明2号生物好氧处理单元部分曝气器存在污染或老化的问题。该厂的曝气系统具有较大的优化潜力,性能评价结果可以为曝气器科学管理维护及水厂的运行优化提供指导。     

氧化锰共生矿烟气脱硫的机理及影响因素

利用南非的氧化锰共生矿进行烟气脱硫,研究了共生锰矿烟气脱硫性能及其机理,并考察了锰矿粒径、反应温度、液固比、进气流量、进口SO2浓度等因素对脱硫率的影响。结果表明,氧化锰共生矿中主要的锰化合物是MnO2、Mn2O3和MnCO3,烟气脱硫过程主要存在4种方式：MnO2与SO2发生氧化还原反应生成硫酸锰;液相中Mn2+催化氧化SO2产生硫酸;MnCO3与硫酸反应生成硫酸锰;Mn2O3与硫酸反应后生成的MnO2可以继续与SO2进行脱硫反应,但是Mn2O3与SO2直接反应的活性较差。氧化锰共生矿烟气脱硫的最佳工艺参数为：锰矿粒径200目、反应温度80 ℃、液固比10:1以及进气流量600 mL?min-1