水环境中病毒污染及监测问题探讨

水环境中广泛存在着病毒污染,而现行的水环境标准对于病毒缺乏相关的规定,许多病毒引起的疾病介水传播,这就可能造成致病微生物对人体健康的潜在威胁.在此,阐述水环境中病毒的危害,探讨可行的水体中病毒的指示物、监测手段,以及对病毒的灭活等相关问题.     

我国海洋灾害经济损失评估模型研究

针对目前我国海洋灾害给海洋环境及造成损害的实际情况，运用环境经济学及系统动力学的理论和方法，并在溢油模型及ＧＩＳ的支持下，首次建立了用一系列密切相关的子模块来评估经济损失的数学模型。它对于促进我国海洋灾害经济损失评估的定量化进程将起到一定的作用。     

生态系统服务的核算方法

生态系统服务是指对人类生存及生活质量有贡献的生态系统产品和生态系统功能 ,包括由自然生态过程产生并维持的环境和资源条件。目前已有的生态系统服务核算方法可以分为市场价值法、替代市场法和假想市场法。     

Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

An approach to the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone

In this paper,the relationship among land productivity,population pressure and the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone is analyzed,taking coumties and banners of southeast Inner Mongolia plateau as an example,which is the most fragile part in the farming and husbandry interleaving belt of north China due to its severe desertification degree and low level of economic development.The Cv for the total output value of agriculture decreases from southeast to northwest,with the same rule as which the overloading population cumulated distributes,and both indicators have close relation with the high linear coefficient of 0.83.These reveal the fluctuation mechanism for ecotone:fluctuation of the level of economic development is a scientific and practical measure both to weakness degree and to instability of ecotone,because it is a synthesized response to the variation of climate as well as irrational land uses,which reinforce and magnify the fluctuation.In detail,the heavier the population overloading,the severer the grassland reclamation,the stronger the dependence of regional productivity on rainfall,the lower the level of economic development,the rougher the fluctuation of ecotone,but the weaker the PRED system.     

元素地球化学不活动组分判别——以库布苏金矿中矿带研究为例

本文从探讨元素不活动组分的原理出发 ,利用Gresens(196 7)质量平衡方程及Brimhall等 (1987)提出的元素不活动组分ΔX -fv 图解 ,对复杂热液成矿体系的元素不活动组分进行了深入探讨。指出了复杂体系内部各个子体系间元素不活动组分及体积变化上的差异。并结合实际 ,对库布苏金矿中矿带元素不活动组分进行了研究。同时对一些矿床地质现象的形成及成矿物质来源从元素地球化学角度进行了解释和判断。     

区域(城市)水体中主要有机毒物的筛选

本研究发展了区域(或城市)水体中主要有毒化学品的筛选方法。 在城市下游采集大体积水样,用CH_2Cl_2洗脱,再用有机溶剂萃取,用硅胶柱把有机物分成许多馏分,馏分最终变为水溶液。每个馏分中有机物浓度比原水大1000倍。用这种馏分水溶液进行溞的急性毒性试验和Ames试验。只对毒性大的馏分进行色谱/质谱/数据系统的鉴定和定量分析,然后根据各个化合物的急性毒性、降解难易和“三致”物质的资料及原水样中有机物的浓度资料,就可筛选出一个区域(城市)水体中的主要有毒化学品。     

青藏高原科学考察研究的新阶段

<正> 解放后我国对青藏高原组织过多次科学考察,特别是1973年开始的全面、系统的青藏高原综合科学考察,取得了丰硕的成果,在国际上产生了较大的影响。70年代开始的这次针对全部高原的科学考察分为3个阶段:第一阶段(1973—1980年)考察了西藏自治区;第二阶段(1981—1986年)考察了川西、藏东和滇西北的横断山区;第三阶段自1987     

中国PM_(2.5)污染状况和污染特征的研究

近１０ 余年来在中国的城市地区和清洁地区进行了ＰＭ２－５ 的采集和分析，其中包括ＰＭ２－５ 的质量浓度、离子和元素成分、酸度和酸化缓冲能力以及来源解析，研究结果表明，中国大部分地区ＰＭ２－５ 的污染较重，不论是质量浓度，还是各种主要成分浓度，在ＴＳＰ 和ＰＭ１０ 中都占有很高的比重，而ＰＭ２－５ 的酸度也远远高于ＴＳＰ 和ＰＭ１０ ，特别是近年来ＰＭ２－５ 污染还有相对加剧的趋势。     

室内培养底栖端足类日本大螯蜚饵料研究

本文在实验条件下探讨了５种饵料对海洋底栖端足类日本大螯蜚的培养效果。实验指标为存活率，生长速度，日增长率和发育状况。结果表明，青岛大扁藻与新月菱形藻１：１混合液的培养效果最佳，合成饲料是较好的补充饵料，螺旋藻粉不宜作为日本大螯蜚的培养饵料。动物性饵料培养效果不如植物性饵料，但对日本大螯蜚的早期快速成长具有一定的促进作用。