小型圆环状尖端脉冲电晕等离子体除尘器的研制

本文介绍一种小型的脉冲电晕等离子体除尘器 ,它采用圆环状尖端电晕极 ,电晕放电稳定 ,放电电流较集中 ,不容易产生火花放电     

Attempt to adsorb N-nitrosamines in solution by use of zeolites

The strong adsorption of zeolite for N-nitrosamines in solution was first revealed by use of adsorption, and temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR) techniques. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) as well as N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine (NHMI) can be adsorbed on zeolite Y, ZSM-5 and A in the solution of methylene chloride or water, which will be helpful for removal of the N-nitrosamines pollution in environmental protection. The equilibrium data were fitted to Freundlich-type isotherms, but the adsorption capacity of zeolites mainly depended on their pore size, surface area and acid-basic properties. Molecular size of adsorbate and solute-solvent interaction also strongly affected the adsorption of N-nitrosamines on zeolite in solution. The extraordinary adsorption properties of NaA zeolite for N-nitrosamines in aqueous solution is first reported and discussed.     

基于MAX-DOAS的乌鲁木齐市NO2时空变化

为研究乌鲁木齐市NO2污染状况,了解其时空分布特征及其影响因素,基于多轴差分吸收光谱技术（MAX-DOAS）,利用2014年4月—2015年12月3个监测点和多次车载移动观测的数据,反演了乌鲁木齐对流层NO2垂直柱浓度（VCD）,并且结合气象和地形等因素进行了分析。结果表明：NO2 VCD由高到低的季节依次是冬季、春季、秋季和夏季,均值为10.84、7.78、5.98和3.56×1015 molec·cm-2;由高到低的监测站依次是城区站、工业区站和郊区站,年均值为9.52、8.44和5.58×1015 molec·cm-2;日变化上春冬两季呈U型,夏秋两季呈双峰型;NO2空间分布由南到北呈明显的"两头低中间高",高值通常出现在市区高架桥附近;乌鲁木齐NO2 VCD与气象因子温度、风速、相对湿度、日照时数都有较好的相关性;乌鲁木齐夏季盛行西北风,顺势于地形利于市区污染物传输出去,冬季盛行东北风,而东面有博格达山阻挡致使风速较低,污染物滞留堆积浓度高。     

活性粉末脱硝剂制备及其催化还原NOx性能

采用熔化分散冷凝法微胶囊技术以蜂蜡为壳材包覆高锰酸钾作为活性添加剂,铵盐、干燥剂、活性添加剂和助燃剂以100：25：2：1的比例混合制备粉末脱硝剂,将其喷入模拟烟气中进行催化还原NOx实验并确定了最佳反应条件：当模拟烟气流量为4.8 m3·h-1,反应温度600~900℃,氨氮物质的量之比1.15：1,活性添加剂质量分数1.5%,进口烟气NO浓度为500 mg·m-3时,NOx转化率最高,可达90%以上。活性粉末催化还原NOx反应温度窗口宽、NOx转化率高,投资低,有望适应我国中小型燃煤锅炉脱硝需求。     

沙柳活性炭纤维的制备与表征

以（NH4）2HPO4活化沙柳纤维制备活性炭纤维,L16（45）正交实验优化制备工艺条件,重点研究了活化温度对活性炭纤维结构的影响。同时应用扫描电镜（SEM）对其表面形貌进行表征,通过N2吸附-脱附测定其孔结构。结果表明,随着活化温度的升高,活性炭得率逐渐减小,碘吸附值先增大后减小,在浸渍比2.5：1、预氧化温度200℃、预氧化时间90 min、活化温度为800℃、活化时间60 min的条件下,可以制备出比表面积为1 304 m2·g-1、总孔容为1.004 cm3·g-1、得率为31.6%、碘吸附值为1 321 mg·g-1的纤维状活性炭。     

铁碳材料还原NO络合吸收体系中Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA的性能

在湿法烟气脱硝中,Fe（Ⅱ）EDTA是一种常用的螯合剂,对NO有良好的络合吸收能力,但是Fe（Ⅱ）EDTA容易被O2氧化成对NO无络合能力的Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA。因此,选择合适的还原剂实现Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA的高效还原是络合脱硝的关键技术之一。比较了铁碳（Fe/AC）和铁粉（Fe）在不同搅拌速度下对Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA的还原,系统探讨了铁碳质量比、O2浓度、铁碳中Fe与Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA的摩尔比、pH值和Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA初始浓度对铁碳还原Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA的影响,考察了Fe/AC投加前后NO吸收效率的变化,同时通过BET、XRD表征技术对铁碳材料进行了分析。结果表明：Fe/AC能很好地再生Fe（Ⅱ）EDTA,从而提高NO吸收效率。提高搅拌速度、铁碳中Fe与Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA的摩尔比、Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA初始浓度,Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA的还原速率会相应增大;O2浓度及pH增大会降低Fe（Ⅲ）EDTA的还原速率。表征结果表明,铁碳表面形成的氢氧化物为γ-FeOOH。     

Heavy metal (Cu,Cd, Pb,Cr) washing from river sediment using biosurfactant rhamnolipid

Heavy metal-contaminated sediments posed a serious threat to both human beings and environment. A biosurfactant, rhamnolipid, was employed as the washing agent to remove heavy metals in river sediment. Batch experiments were conducted to test the removal capability. The effects of rhamnolipid concentration, washing time, solution pH, and liquid/solid ratio were investigated. The speciation of heavy metals before and after washing in sediment was also analyzed. Heavy metal washing was favored at high concentration, long washing time, and high pH. In addition, the efficiency of washing was closely related to the original speciation of heavy metals in sediment. Rhamnolipid mainly targeted metals in exchangeable, carbonate-bound or Fe-Mn oxide-bound fractions. Overall, rhamnolipid biosurfactant as a washing agent could effectively remove heavy metals from sediment.

     

Toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper in three green microalgal species

The effective concentrations of copper on the inhibition of the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Closterium lunula at 96 h (96 h EC50) were determined to be 50, 68 and 200 microg/l, respectively. The low initial bioaccumulation of Cu by C. lunula was found to be responsible for its tolerance to Cu. The amount of Cu accumulated by all three microalgae reached the maximum value and decreased quickly after the peak followed by a slow decrease over the next 6 d. Bioaccumulation of Cu by C. lunula was directly proportional to the initial Cu concentration. After reaching the first peak after 1 d, the bioconcentration factor of Cu by microalgae declined to its minimum value during the exponential growth phase but increased in the stationary growth phase again. This indicates that desorption of Cu from microalgae was higher during the exponential growth phase but lower in the stationary growth phase. Smaller microalgae with low 96 h EC50 values are more efficient in removing Cu from wastewater.     

Properties of pyrolytic chars and activated carbons derived from pilot-scale pyrolysis of used tires

Used tires were pyrolyzed in a pilot-scale quasi-inert rotary kiln. Influences of variables, such as time, temperature, and agent flow, on the activation of obtained char were subsequently investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed. Mesoporous pores are found to be dominant in the pore structures of raw char. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surfaces of activated chars increased linearly with carbon burnoff. The carbon burnoff of tire char achieved by carbon dioxide (CO2) under otherwise identical conditions was on average 75% of that achieved by steam, but their BET surfaces are almost the same. The proper activation greatly improved the aqueous adsorption of raw char, especially for small molecular adsorbates, for example, phenol from 6 to 51 mg/g. With increasing burnoff, phenol adsorption exhibited a first-stage linear increase followed by a rapid drop after 30% burnoff. Similarly, iodine adsorption first increased linearly, but it held as the burnoff exceeded 40%, which implied that the reduction of iodine adsorption due to decreasing micropores was partially made up by increasing mesopores. Both raw chars and activated chars showed appreciable adsorption capacity of methylene-blue comparable with that of commercial carbons. Thus, tire-derived activated carbons can be used as an excellent mesoporous adsorbent for larger molecular species.     

焦炉装煤烟尘治理方案的探讨

焦炉装煤烟尘含有害物质，污染环境，危害人体健康。袋式除尘器的使用，消除了烟尘的污染，但因投资大、运行费用高、操作复杂，难以得到快速、广泛的推广。根据实验结果和已有应用情况，本文推荐了三相流化床除尘装置和颗粒层除尘器，它们可用于焦炉装煤烟尘治理，其投资和运行费用会大大降低。