企业环境责任评价体系及成果应用分析

随着环境保护部近年来众多环保举措的提出,企业的环境责任研究引起了学者和相关政府机构的重视。企业环境责任评价有利于提高企业环保意识和规范企业的环境行为,但目前仍缺乏相关机构对企业环境责任评价体系的独立研究和实践。本文通过对国内外企业环境责任的研究现状进行分析,引入了企业环境责任评价的必要性;在相关概念界定的基础上构建了企业环境责任评价指标体系,最后对评价成果的应用进行了探讨和研究。     

不同因素对平板膜污泥浓缩工艺膜污染演变的影响研究

以临界通量表征膜污染趋势,利用响应面模型考察污泥浓度、膜间距和曝气量对上下层膜组件的膜污染影响,发现响应面模型具有较好的显著性和拟合性,且污泥浓度、膜间距和曝气量均对上下层膜组件膜污染有显著影响。同时发现,随着污泥浓度的增加上下层膜组件临界通量大幅下降;而在不同污泥浓度下,曝气量和膜间距的变化对上下层膜组件膜污染的变化有不同的影响。利用模型模拟获得了不同污泥浓度下的最优化参数,在四段式平板膜污泥浓缩中试运行中获得了较好的效果。     

沈阳细河流域土壤和作物中汞的潜在生态危害及健康风险评价

为研究沈阳市细河流域土壤汞(Hg)的污染和健康风险状况,对该区土壤和农作物中Hg的含量和分布进行了调查和分析。采用Hakanson潜在生态风险危害指数法评价土壤Hg的污染状况,并利用健康风险评价模型对Hg通过不同暴露途径所引起的健康风险作出评价。研究结果表明,细河流域土壤Hg的潜在生态危害相对较大,其中43.21%样品处于中等危害程度,26.62%属于强及以上风险级别。健康风险评价模型计算表明,人体经食物摄取是土壤Hg暴露的主要途径,Hg日平均暴露剂量依次为食物摄取呼吸暴露皮肤暴露;成人和儿童的非致癌危害指数分别为0.315和0.713,均低于风险阈值1,表明Hg不会对人体造成健康危害。     

历史让我们在这里沉思:2003年黄河大水灾回眸

2003年是中国历史上不平凡的一年。先是突如其来的“非典”,后是新疆巴楚-伽师、青海德令哈和云南大姚地震。到了7—8月的主汛期,大江大河安澜度过,人们迎着凉凉的秋风,把自然灾害的伤痛留给了历史。     

高炉煤气洗涤水脱氰研究

氯碱法处理高炉煤气洗涤水,运用正交实验设计方法设计实验,根据直观分析和方差分析方法整理实验数据,得出最佳反应条件,影响因素顺序,显著因素。     

Comparative understanding of metal hyperaccumulation in plants: a mini-review

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Hyperaccumulator plants are ideal models for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of plant metal homeostasis and environmental adaptation due to their...     

Microbiota associated with the migration and transformation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in groundwater

Pollution of groundwater with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) is a serious environmental problem which is threatening human health. Microorganisms are the major participants in degrading these contaminants. Here, groundwater contaminated for a decade with CAHs was investigated. Numerical simulation and field measurements were used to track and forecast the migration and transformation of the pollutants. The diversity, abundance, and possible activity of groundwater microbial communities at CAH-polluted sites were characterized by molecular approaches. The number of microorganisms was between 5.65E+05 and 1.49E+08 16S rRNA gene clone numbers per liter according to quantitative real-time PCR analysis. In 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from samples along the groundwater flow, eight phyla were detected, and Proteobacteria were dominant (72.8 %). The microbial communities varied with the composition and concentration of pollutants. Meanwhile, toluene monooxygenases and methane monooxygenases capable of degradation of PCE and TCE were detected, demonstrating the major mechanism for PCE and TCE degradation and possibility for in situ remediation by addition of oxygen in this study.     

Textiles for health: a review of textile fabrics treated with chitosan microcapsules

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The textile industry has recently been developing innovative products that integrate functional properties within commodity textiles. In...     

城市环境质量的竞争性评价模型

城市化进程推动了经济的快速发展但也给城市环境质量带来了严重的挑战。为了推动城市环境保护工作,每年全国各地都对城市环境综合整治进行定量考核。首先分析了现有环境综合整治考核办法的不足,阐述建立竞争性评价模型的必要性。竞争性评价模型在指标集的取值范围内选取最优值建立一个虚拟最优城市,以虚拟最优城市为参照,引入优越指数概念,得出待评价城市的优越指数值,然后进行排序和评价。根据该模型对2004年全国18个计划单列市和重点城市的环境质量进行了综合评价,得到了合适的结果;最后总结了模型的特点及以后改进的方向。     

广州城市绿地系统景观生态学分析

绿地是城市这个人工景观中最重要的自然要素。以往对绿地的研究主要集中于能量流动等功能方面,很少涉及空间结构,在本文中,将利用景观生态学中的原理和方法,分析广州市绿地景观的异质性,并提出一些建议。