Effects of environmental factors on organochlorine pesticide residues in soils of the Guanting Reservoir area, China

Topsoil samples from 56 sites around the Guanting Reservoir, China, were measured for HCH and DDT concentrations. The total soil HCH content (including alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-isomers) in these soil samples ranged from 0 to 7.33 ng x g(-1), with a mean of 0.69 ng x g(-1). These levels were considerably lower than those of the total DDT soil contents (including pp'-DDE, pp'-DDD, op'-DDT, and pp'-DDT), which ranged from 0 to 76.01 ng x g(-1), with a mean of 9.46 ng x g(-1). DDT was also found to be the major pollutant in the soil samples, accounting for approximately 93% of the total organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contents. Several environmental factors including land use, soil texture, soil taxonomy, and microbial biomass were considered to be responsible for the OCP levels observed. The data provide some insight into the effects of environmental conditions such as soil formation, agricultural cultivation, nutrient enrichment, and other anthropogenic activities on the degradation of OCPs in soils. Although the OCP residues currently are below the maximum limits set for use on agricultural land in China, and only rarely would such levels pose significant ecological concern, OCPs are highly persistent in soil and bioaccumulative. The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation, especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future.     

继承与创新:近30年来中国近代灾荒史研究概述——环境社会学的思考

中国近代灾荒史再研究起步于20世纪80年代。文章从整体性研究、区域灾荒史研究、专题性研究和史料整理建设工作等四个方面简要回顾了近30年来该领域所取得的丰硕成果。在此基础上,指出目前存在的问题和不足,并重点从环境社会学角度提出中国近代灾荒史研究今后在研究理论和方法、研究领域和内容、资料建设以及研究队伍等4个方面的努力方向,希冀为中国近代灾荒史研究在宏观把握和向纵深发展两方面有序并进提供些许思路和参考。     

金属冶炼工艺重大危险因素分析及预防措施

从冶金企业金属冶炼生产的特点着手,通过统计近年来金属冶炼过程中发生的较大及以上的典型事故案例,分析金属冶炼过程中的重大危险因素及可能导致的事故后果,提出了相应的预防措施。     

The first definitive carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Asia and the delayed ascent of tyrannosaurids

Little is known about the evolution of large-bodied theropod dinosaurs during the Early to mid Cretaceous in Asia. Prior to this time, Asia was home to an endemic fauna of basal tetanurans, whereas terminal Cretaceous ecosystems were dominated by tyrannosaurids, but the intervening 60 million years left a sparse fossil record. Here, we redescribe the enigmatic large-bodied Chilantaisaurus maortuensis from the Turonian of Inner Mongolia, China. We refer this species to a new genus, Shaochilong, and analyze its systematic affinities. Although Shaochilong has previously been allied with several disparate theropod groups (Megalosauridae, Allosauridae, Tyrannosauroidea, Maniraptora), we find strong support for a derived carcharodontosaurid placement. As such, Shaochilong is the first unequivocal Asian member of Carcharodontosauridae, which was once thought to be restricted to Gondwana. The discovery of an Asian carcharodontosaurid indicates that this clade was cosmopolitan in the Early to mid Cretaceous and that Asian large-bodied theropod faunas were no longer endemic at this time. It may also suggest that the ascent of tyrannosaurids into the large-bodied dinosaurian predator niche was a late event that occurred towards the end of the Cretaceous, between the Turonian and the Campanian. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

黄河北干流与渭河相遇洪水分析

黄河北干流与渭河位于黄土高原，暴雨是洪水的重要成因．本文分析了近２０００年的历史资料，提出该地区的洪水具有周期性，１９世纪洪水达到高峰，２０世纪洪水规模有所降低，并分析了黄河北干流与渭河及其支流径、洛河洪水相遇问题：四河相遇的概率很小，多形成特大洪水，两河相遇是较常发生的事件，多形成中等以下洪水。三门峡水库的淤积使该地区洪水灾害加剧．同时还分析了该地区洪水对黄河下游洪水的影响。     

用过硫酸钾氧化—紫外分光光度法测定地表水中总氮的几个问题

通过对过硫酸钾溶解方式及储存时间的条件实验，表明，用过硫酸钾氧化一紫外分光光度法测定地表水中的总氮时，过硫酸钾氧化剂以自然溶解为好，存放时间以不超过３ｄ为为宜，还对影响总氮测定的准确度、精密度的实验因素进行了探讨。     

耐磨节流风量调节阀的研制

利用多孔射流扩散及射流叠加原理，采用双层叠板结构，研制出一种耐磨节流风量调节阀。可以取代目前除尘管网中广泛采用的节流管及风量调节阀来平衡管网阻力，具有较好的耐磨性能，使用寿命长，安装位置不受限制，调节十分方便。     

三峡库区支流的河-湖两态及其对沉积物不同形态磷含量的影响

三峡大坝独特的调度运行方式决定了三峡库区支流在水动力方面显著区别于自然河流.为探究库区特殊调水机制下支流沉积物内源磷的动态变化,于2016年在库区北岸最大支流澎溪河中游的高阳平湖段进行了 8次(1、3～8和10月,每月一次)水体和沉积物样品采集,分析其不同形态磷含量,并对流速、水深和沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性等进行了一系列分...     

中国化工产业园区化的驱动机制:基于社会-生态系统框架下的博弈论分析

化工产业园区化是政府合理规范化工园区且将化工园区外化工生产企业关停并搬迁至化工园区内的产业集聚化,是解决目前中国化工产业安全事故频发、环境污染严重等问题,推进化工产业转型升级的重要政策之一。中国化工产业园区化的社会—生态系统框架刻画了化工园区、化工产品、化工园区管委会、企业和公众四个核心子系统的关联,在此基础上,中国化工产业园区化的博弈模型将参与者简化为政府(包括化工园区管委会)、企业(化工生产企业)和公众(化工生产企业现址影响半径内的居民群体),并分别构建了政府与企业间的博弈模型与公众参与下的政府与企业间的博弈模型。根据模型推论,此两类情景博弈的纳什均衡都可以为(政府行政政策,企业按期搬迁入园)或(政府经济政策,企业按期搬迁入园)。中国化工产业园区化的驱动机制,是在作为外在驱动主体的政府和公众的引导和监督下,作为内在驱动主体的化工生产企业,在各驱动因素的协同作用下,实现其"按期搬迁入园"的机制。进而得出化工生产企业与化工园区"按期匹配搬迁入园"、提升化工园区公共服务能力、差异化地一企一策及建立公众和企业与政府的三方对话机制的四点政策建议。     

模糊综合评价法在乐安河水质评价中的应用

根据模糊数学的原理,建立了地表水环境质量模糊综合评价模型,模型不仅计算简便而且充分体现了其系统性、综合性的特点。利用建立的模型对江西省重点整治的河流乐安河进行了水质评价,为污染控制提供了科学依据。