气氛对快速催化热解生物质的影响

通过测定两种气氛下(氮气和二氧化碳)的催化热解(HZSM-5为催化剂)的产率,并利用气质联用仪(GC/MS)分析热解油的成分,研究这两种热解气氛对快速催化热解生物质(玉米杆)的产率和液体产物的影响差异。结果表明:改变热解气氛对结果产生明显影响,CO2气氛对催化热解不利,该气氛下的固液气产率分别为30.30%,37.89%,31.81%,CO2促使快速催化热解的液体产量降低,促进水相产物的生成。对催化热解油的分析发现CO2气氛抑制了HZSM-5的去氧和芳香化催化作用,同时促进稠环芳烃的生成,使产物结构复杂化。     

石家庄市大气降尘重金属元素来源分析

在石家庄市采集了51件大气降尘样品,对其重金属来源进行了解析。主要针对样品所含有的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种重金属元素,进行相关性、富集因子及主成分分析。通过分析表明Pb与Cr、As、Hg、Ni相关性明显,Cr元素主要来源于土壤颗粒,As、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cu元素可能叠加工业污染,Hg、Cd污染严重,Pb元素主要受到燃煤和交通污染。重金属元素的空间分布表明市区含量低,二环外含量高,受交通和废气污染较重。     

Toxic effects of enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus

In this article, the toxic effects of Enrofloxacin (ENFX) on Scenedesmus obliquus were studied, through investigating the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and protein contents. The possible toxic mechanisms of ENFX were analyzed by determining the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content, and superoxide anion (O₂⁻) generation rate. Results showed that the growth of algae was inhibited by ENFX and the 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) values for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of ENFX were 88.39, 63.86, 45.10, and 59.16 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. After treated with ENFX for 96 h, the contents of photosynthetic pigments decreased with the increase of ENFX concentration, the content of soluble protein and the activity of SOD increased and then decreased, and the generation rate of superoxide anion (O₂⁻) increased continually. The contents of MDA and proline changed little in lower ENFX concentration groups, but increased rapidly when treated with higher concentration groups. These results suggested that ENFX affected the growth of S. obliquus, and the main toxicity mechanism was that algal cells generated the reactive oxygen species under ENFX stress, and then the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced the oxidation damages of biologic macromolecules and changed the biomembrane permeability further.     

突发大气环境污染事件应急处置阶段环境损害评估方法探索

以某天然气泄漏污染事件为例,构建了一套突发大气环境污染事件应急处置阶段环境损害的量化评估方法.从应急处置费用、生态环境损害两方面量化了该事件造成的环境污染损害.     

长江上游长薄鳅生长和种群参数的估算

2010年9月~2012年8月在长江上游攀枝花等9个采样点收集到长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongata Bleeker)样本1 528尾,基于体长频率数据采用世界粮农组织(FAO)开发的FiSAT II软件研究了长江上游长薄鳅的生长与种群参数。估算结果显示长薄鳅的极限体长(L∞)为656.1mm,生长系数(k)为0.15/a,理论生长起点年龄(t0)为-0.048a。采用Pauly的经验公式估算长薄鳅的自然死亡系数(M)为0.33(其中长江上游年平均水温为18.4℃),总死亡系数(Z)、捕捞死亡系数(F)和开发率(E)分别为0.85、0.53和0.62。2010~2011年长江上游长薄鳅年均资源重量和资源数量分别为13.21t和162 862尾,最大可持续产量(MSY)为5.17t。经相关估算参数和相对单位补充渔获量分析得出,当前长江上游长薄鳅已处于过度捕捞状态,有必要采取有效保护措施。     

Effects of phosphorus-containing material application on soil cadmium bioavailability: a meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Diverse phosphorus-containing materials (PCMs) were widely applied in remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils, and their effects on the change of...     

Relationship between exposure of alkylphenols in serum of pregnant women during early pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Alkylphenols are a type of endocrine disruptors, which are commonly found in personal care products, food, and water and are more harmful to the human...     

三峡库区高阳平湖水体富营养化主要驱动因子研究 ——基于主成分分析法

研究各种水质因子(水温、溶解氧、电导率、pH、营养盐等)对三峡库区支流水体富营养化的驱动效果,为库区支流水体富营养化的防控与治理提供科学依据.于2018年11月至2019年10月在三峡库区高阳平湖进行了12次样品采集,获取了水温、水体pH、营养盐、水体溶解氧等指标数据,利用主成分分析法研究三峡库区支流水体富营养化状况,...     

River Channel Geometry and Rating Curve Estimation Using Height above the Nearest Drainage

River channel geometry is an important input to hydraulic and hydrologic models. Traditional approaches to quantify river geometry have involved surveyed river cross sections, which cannot be extended to ungaged basins. In this paper, we describe a method for developing a synthetic rating curve to relate flow to water level in a stream reach based on reach‐averaged channel geometry properties developed using the Height above Nearest Drainage (HAND) method. HAND uses a digital elevation model (DEM) of the terrain and computes the elevation difference between each land surface cell and the stream bed cell to which it drains. Taking increments in water level in the stream, HAND defines the inundation zone and a water depth grid within this zone, and the channel characteristics are defined from this water depth grid. We apply our method to the Blanco River (Texas) and the Tar River (North Carolina) using 10‐m terrain data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) dataset. We evaluate the method's performance by comparing the reach‐average stage‐river geometry relationships and rating curves to those from calibrated Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC‐RAS) models and USGS gage observations. The results demonstrate that after some adjustment, the river geometry information and rating curves derived from HAND using national‐coverage datasets are comparable to those obtained from hydraulic models or gage measurements. We evaluate the inundation extent and show our approach is able to capture the majority of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 100‐year floodplain.     

汕头地区农业生态系统中有机氯农药的研究

有机氯农药（Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs）是一类由人工合成的杀虫广谱、毒性较低、残效期长的化学杀虫剂。本文以汕头市为研究区域,探讨了土壤OCPs的残留现状和特征,并对该区的土壤进行了环境质量评价和初步的生态风险评价。结果表明：（1）汕头地区土壤中OCPs的检出率高达99.13％,OCPs残留量的平均值是113.37 ng·g^-1,主要的OCPs污染物为DDTs和硫丹类;南澳县OCPs残留量平均值最高（174.68 ng·g^-1）,其次为龙湖区,濠江区含量平均值最低（69.24 ng·g^-1）;（2）与国内外一些地区土壤中OCPs的残留量对比,本研究区域土壤中的OCPs处于中等污染残留水平;与美国马里兰州标准、纽约州可容许的土壤浓度标准和我国的土壤环境质量标准相比较,OCPs基本没有超标;（3）本研究地区土壤存在较高的生态风险,OCPs可能对环境造成一定的危害,其中生态风险最高的是DDTs,BHCs的生态风险较低。