甘肃省环境天然放射性水平研究

近年来,国内外在环境天然放射性水平研究方面做了一些工作.在国内,由于研究目的各有侧重,因而在布点原则等方面有所不同.在全国环境保护系统的天然放射性水平研究中,象甘肃省这种跨度大(东经92°13′—108°46′,北纬32°31′—42°57′)、地形地貌极其复杂(有沙漠、戈壁、山区、高原、草原、河谷盆地等)、海拔高度差别悬殊(有600m河     

周边式二次沉淀池流态的计算模拟研究

通过计算模拟二沉池流态,解决了二沉池流态测定的难题,该模拟方法速度快、精度高、不需要实型池.通过对实际池的计算发现,周边式二沉池上溢流集中在靠池周边的区域,以垂直向上的流线为主,池中心上部存在着较大的水流死区,由此解释了该类型池澄清能力小的原因.     

克山病病区低硒粮喂养的豚鼠红细胞内Na~+浓度变化的研究

豚鼠分别喂以克山病病区粮(低硒)和非病区粮(硒含量正常),借助合成的D_Y(PPP)_2~(-7)位移试剂用XL-400NMR谱仪直接测试完整红细胞内Na~+的NMR谱,并定量计算细胞内Na~+浓度,发现低硒的病区粮饲养的豚鼠红细胞内Na~+浓度显著高于正常组;病区粮喂养的豚鼠红细胞在老化条件下细胞溶血比非病区严重。     

医用射线装置对环境辐射水平的影响

调查了上海市7家医院50余台x、γ射线装置,监测了工作环境和公众环境的辐射水平,并根据辐射防护规定进行评价。调查发现,由于少数设备老化,或防护门窗安装不当等,造成了环境剂量的增加。     

滇池鲤鱼的背景元素调查

通过滇池鲤鱼与松花坝水库和国内外同类鲤鱼的元素含量对比,确认滇池鲤鱼受工业污水的危害影响主要是As、Se。鱼体As、Se含量目前已经超过正常值,Ni、Cr、Cu、Fe、Pb比正常值偏低,其它元素属正常值范围。为了避免过多的元素富集,建议滇池鲤鱼以半年到一年为生长捕捞期为宜。     

废水中对—氨基苯酚的电位溶出法测定

采用Nafion修饰电极,以微分计时电位溶出法分析测定废水中对—氨基苯酚(PAP)。在选定的条件下,PAP的测定范围在1.0μ～0.5mmol/l之间;最低检测浓度为0.1μmol/l;标准偏差为1.6％:方法的回收率为92.5％～96.5％。     

Atmospheric pollution in Beijing, China, as recorded in sediments of the Kunming Lake

The fluxes of heavy metals and magnetite, a fly-ash component, from coal burning, to sediments of the Kunming Lake in Beijing have increased measurably over the last fifty years. Ages were introduced to the sediment strata through Pb-210 geochronologies. Even with a doubling of coal usage by the year 2000, the anthropogenic metal fluxes will still be less than those recorded in metropolitan Tokyo and U.S. lakes.     

Preliminary study on organic contaminants in the water of northwest part of the Lake Chao

The waterquality of the downstream of Nanfei River and the northwest area of Lake Chao is evaluated from organic analysis aspect. PAHs such as fluoranthene, pyrene are detected in the waters collected from downstream river and river mouth. More phenolic compounds are found in the river water. Some halogenated hydrocarbons are present in the river and lake waters. A great many of aliphatic hydrocarbons and benzene hydrocarbons found in all the water samples are about one third of the total organics detected. The hydrophobic components are found to be present not only in water but also in suspended sediment. The ratio of the amount existing is 0.4 in sediment and 1 in particle-free water. The quantity of humic materials existing in lake water is larger than that in river water. The proportion of the humic materials in lake water to that in river water is 1.9 to 1. In the lake water, some natural substances, such as dimethyl disulfide, alpha-pinene, azulene, and 6- methyl -2-heptanone are observed.     

Study on nitrile-degrading microorganisms

Two strains of bacteria were isolated from nitrile polluted soils, and identified as Corynebacterium boffmanii and Arthrobacter flavescens. Acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and acrylonitrile were degraded by these bacteria to yield corresponding amides, carboxylic acids and ammonia. The nitrile-degrading abilities of these strains were investigated. The removal rates for the nitrile were nearly 100%, after these bacteria were grown in medium containing 10000 ppm of aceto-, propio-, or butyronitrile at 28 ℃ for 24h. When the reaction mkture consisting of 5000 ppm of above mentioned nitriles or acrylonitrile and 20g (dry cell) /L resting cells of the two strains in 0.06mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.5) was incubated separately at 25 ℃ with moderate shaking for 15 or 45 min, the nitrile could be degraded completely. The optimum growth conditions for C.hoffmanii and A.flavescens were studied as well.     

The epidemic characteristics of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in different eco-environments

Epidemiological survey of 573 families, clinical examination of 2593 persons, and X-ray examination of 1136 persons (in 16 typical endemic villages) were conducted, based on the classification of endemiology for KBD disease areas, i.e, mountain type, loess plateau type, plateau type, and flatlands type. It was revealed that the KBD disease areas exhibited the regular pattern of corming-into-being, development and passing-away and the characteristics of growth and decline. Further, it was found clinically that the disease areas may be divided into 4 types, i.e., recent onset, developing, stable, and historical. This division is simple and easy, practical, scientific, and reliable and can be applied by medical personnel at different levels.