生物炭和碳纳米管固定化漆酶去除水体雌二醇

漆酶是一类具有高效的催化氧化能力的含铜多酚的氧化酶,而固定化漆酶技术在有机废水处理领域受到了越来越多的关注。通过比较吸附法和包埋法利用木炭(WB)、竹炭(BB)和碳纳米管(CNT)固定游离漆酶去除水体雌二醇(E2)。在25 °C 、pH=5条件下,固定化漆酶经120 h 贮存仍保留80%的活性。经过5次循环研究,固载的漆酶仍保留了27%~58%的剩余活性。结合扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱,证实了漆酶成功地负载在碳基材料上。仅在 8 h内,50 mg·L⁻¹ E2通过吸附法制备的WB、BB、CNT固定化漆酶去除了42.92%、47.66%、43.92%,而包埋法制备的WB、BB、CNT固定化漆酶分别去除84.08%、87.20%、87.86%。结果表明,包埋法固定化漆酶对E2的去除效率更优,这是由于包埋固载在生物炭和CNT的漆酶更为稳定。此外,K⁺和Mn²⁺离子可能通过干扰漆酶的电子传递过程影响漆酶的活性,从而抑制E2的去除。本研究旨在为固定化漆酶在有机废水处理的实际应用提供指导。     

微生物与重金属的相互作用

从多方面概述了微生物与重金属的相互作用，重点描述了微生物对重金属的抗生和解毒作用，最后介绍了该研究领域发展前景。     

珠江三角洲降水化学成分的区域特征研究

通过对珠江三角洲地区降水（降雨）化学成分的分析表明，该区可能存在二条降水物质通道，一条是从陆到海通道，从肇庆和广州分别至佛山、顺德、江门、台山、中山，至珠海出海，基本与西江和江河谷走向一致，另一条是从海到陆通道，从深圳始，到东莞和惠州，珠江口水面成为此二条通道的天然分隔屏障。地面源污染是造成该区局部降水酸度差异的调节因素，而造成全区降水酸化的根本原因是存在于平流层的区域性酸化大气层。南海海洋对降水     

λDNA体外重包装技术检测环境致突变物新方法及机理的研究

首次报道使用λＤＮＡ体外重包装技术检测化学物和环境污染致封变性取得了成功，辅以辅切和电泳技术，还可初步确定λＤＮＡ损伤的机遇。     

Rapid detection of numerical aberrations of chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 in chorionic mesenchymal cells

We have devised and evaluated a rapid screening method for the detection of numerical aberrations of chromosomes13, 18 and 21 in chorionic villus cells. We used non-radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) with three chromosome-specific probes on overnight-attached mesenchymal cells from chorionic villi. A blind study was performed of 47 karyotypically normal samples, one triploid sample, two samples trisomic for chromosome 21, and two samples from a fetus with putative mosaicism (46/47, +21). All samples were hybridized with the chromosome 18- and 21-specific probes. Thirty samples were additionally hybridized with the chromosome 13-specific probe. The test could be completed within 3-4 days of sampling. In samples disomic with respect to the probed chromosomes, an average of 2 per cent (range 0-9 per cent) had three hybridization signals. By contrast, in the samples trisomic for the probed chromosome(s), 57 per cent (chromosome 13), 51 per cent (chromosome 18), and an average of 74 per cent (55-86 per cent) (chromosome 21) of the nuclei exhibited three signals. In the putative mosaic samples, the number of nuclei with three chromosome 21-specific signals ranged from 41 to 69 per cent. We conclude that this technique rapidly and clearly distinguishes between normal and trisomic/triploid samples, and consequently may be of use in future prenatal diagnosis.     

独立学院教学中的四忌

独立学院的学生与母体高校学生相比有一定的特殊性。独立学院的教学如若完全沿用母体高校的方法和要求,势必会出现一些问题和矛盾。为此,在独立学院教学中,教师应注意四忌。     

医疗废物非焚烧处理技术应用及发展趋势探讨

本文结合美国、欧洲等发达国家和地区在医疗废物非焚烧处置技术方面的具体做法，在对国内外主要的医疗废物非焚烧处理技术进行介绍和分析的基础上，结合国外非焚烧处理技术的应用背景及中国实施危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划，对非焚烧处理技术在中国的应用从技术及管理角度提出了相应的建议。     

沈阳市浑南新区二氧化硫总量控制研究

为了实现浑南新区的规划目标,必须对新区SO2 进行总量控制。本文利用A—P值法对浑南新区SO2 的总量控制进行研究,给出了整个新区SO2 的总量控制目标及规划中的各个高架点源污染源的总量控制目标,为新区总量控制的实施提供了决策依据。     

Effect of acute exposure to PFOA on mouse liver cells in vivo and in vitro

Increasingly, epidemiological evidences indicate chemosynthetic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an environmental pollutant, induces potential adverse effect on human health after long-term exposure. However, less study has been performed for assessment of acute effect of PFOA exposure on metabolic homeostasis. In experimental designs, PFOA-exposed liver cells in vivo and in vitro were used to discuss underlying mechanism related to PFOA-induced metabolic dysfunction. In serological tests, PFOA-exposed mice showed increased treads of liver functional enzymes in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin (T-BIL), trypsinase, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and insulin, while blood glucose, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucagon levels were reduced. In histocytological observations, PFOA-exposed liver showed visible cytoplasmic vesicles, and intact pancreatic islets were observed in PFOA-exposed pancreas. Additionally, increased insulin-positive cells and reduced glucagon-positive cells were detected in PFOA-exposed islets. As shown in immunoassays, PFOA-exposed liver resulted in elevations of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-labeled cells and CD36 protein. In mouse liver cell study, PFOA-exposed cells showed increased cell apoptotic count, and increased phosphorylated levels of Bcl-2 and Bad in the cells. Furthermore, PFOA-exposed liver cells exhibited elevations of CD36-labeled cells and CD36 protein. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that acute exposure to PFOA-impaired liver function is associated with inducting CD36 expression and apoptosis, as well as disrupting key hormones in the pancreas.     

Impairments of cadmium on vitellogenin accumulation in the hepatopancreas of freshwater crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sinopotamon henanense</Emphasis>

During ovary maturation of crabs, vitellogenin (Vg), a precursor molecule of vitellin (Vn) needed for embryogenesis, can be produced in large quantities in the hepatopancreas and then transported to the ovary by the hemolymph. In the present study, effects of Cd on Vg accumulation in the hepatopancreas and Vg transportation of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense were investigated. We also studied the impacts of Cd on the mRNA expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, protein metabolism, and metallothionein (MT) and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. After Cd treatment, the Vg concentration and the Vg mRNA expression in the hepatopancreas were downregulated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that the Vg level in the hepatopancreas correlated positively with those of the ovary and hemolymph (correlation coefficients 0.844 and 0.749, respectively), suggesting that the Vg transport from the hepatopancreas to the ovary can be impaired by Cd. The levels of carbohydrate and protein in the hepatopancreas of Cd-exposed crabs were decreased, and an inhibited protein metabolism was also observed. Energy production related isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase mRNA expressions, and MT and GSH synthesis increased after 10 days of Cd treatment and decreased after 20 days. Cd also caused a time-dependent upregulation of malondialdehyde. Our findings showed that Cd decreased Vg accumulation in the hepatopancreas due to partially excessive energy consumption and an activated defense system in the hepatopancreas, suggesting a possible regulatory mechanism in S. henanense which is the competitive advantage of energy reserves in metabolic Cd stress responses over the high-energy flux during vitellogenesis to ensure a continuous supply of metabolic energy. Moreover, the damage of Vg accumulation in the hepatopancreas caused by Cd could lead to an insufficient accumulation of Vn in the ovary and cause a retardation of oocyte development.