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971.
The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments poses potential risks to the ecology and human health. This study investigated the removal of three widely detected and abundant pharmaceuticals, namely, ibuprofen (IBU), diclofenac (DC), and sulfadiazine (SDZ), by two magnetic ion-exchange resins. The adsorption kinetics of the three adsorbates onto both resins was relatively fast and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Despite the different pore structures of the two resins, similar adsorption patterns of DC and SDZ were observed, implying the existence of an ion-exchange mechanism. IBU demonstrated a combination of interactions during the adsorption process. These interactionswere dependent on the specific surface area and functional groups of the resin. The adsorption isothermfittings verified the differences in the behavior of the three pharmaceuticals on the two magnetic ion-exchange resins. The presence of Cl- and SO42- suppressed the adsorption amount, butwith different inhibition levels for different adsorbates. This work facilitates the understanding of the adsorption behavior andmechanismof pharmaceuticals onmagnetic ion-exchange resins. The results will expand the application of magnetic ion-exchange resins to the removal of pharmaceuticals in waters. 相似文献
972.
A rapid and simple method for determination of persulfate in aqueous solution was developed. The method is based on the rapid reaction of persulfate with Methylene Blue(MB) via domestic microwave activation, which can promote the activation of persulfate and decolorize MB quickly. The depletion of MB at 644 nm(the maximum absorption wavelength of MB) is in proportion to the increasing concentration of persulfate in aqueous solution. Linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 0–1.5 mmol/L, with a limit of detection of 0.0028 mmol/L. The reaction time is rapid(within 60 sec), which is much shorter than that used for conventional methods. Compared with existing analytical methods, it need not any additives, especially colorful Fe2+, and need not any pretreatment for samples, such as p H adjustment. 相似文献
973.
Yongguang Yin Xiaoya Yang Xiaoxia Zhou Weidong Wang Sujuan Yu Jingfu Liu Guibin Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(8):116-125
The inevitable release of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into aquatic environments has drawn great concerns about its environmental toxicity and safety. Although aggregation and transformation play crucial roles in the transport and toxicity of AgNPs, how the water chemistry of environmental waters influences the aggregation and transformation of engineered AgNPs is still not well understood. In this study, the aggregation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated AgNPs was investigated in eight typical environmental water samples (with different ionic strengths, hardness, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations) by using UV–visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Raman spectroscopy was applied to probe the interaction of DOM with the surface of AgNPs. Further, the photo-transformation and morphology changes of AgNPs in environmental waters were studied by UV–visible spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that both electrolytes (especially Ca2 + and Mg2 +) and DOM in the surface waters are key parameters for AgNP aggregation, and sunlight could accelerate the morphology change, aggregation, and further sedimentation of AgNPs. This water chemistry controlled aggregation and photo-transformation should have significant environmental impacts on the transport and toxicity of AgNPs in the aquatic environments. 相似文献
974.
Oxidation of Cr(III) by manganese oxides may pose a potential threat to environments due to the formation of toxic Cr(VI) species. At present, it was still unclear whether the extent of Cr(III) oxidation and fate of Cr(VI) would be changed when manganese oxides co-exist with other minerals, the case commonly occurring in soils. This study investigated the influence of goethite and kaolinite on Cr(III) oxidation by birnessite under acidic pH condition (pH 3.5) and background electrolyte of 0.01 mol/L NaCl. Goethite was found not to affect Cr(III) oxidation, which was interpreted as the result of overwhelming adsorption of cationic Cr(III) onto the negatively-charged birnessite (point of zero charge (PZC) < 3.0) rather than the positively-charged goethite (PZC = 8.8). However, more Cr(VI) would be retained by the surface with the increase in addition of goethite because of its strong ability on adsorption of Cr(VI) at low pH. Moreover, either Cr(III) oxidation or distribution of the generated Cr(VI) between the solid and solution phases was not affected by kaolinite (PZC < 3.0), indicating its low affinity for Cr species. Reactions occurring in the present mixed systems were suggested, which could be partly representative of those in the soils and further indicates that the mobility and risk of Cr(VI) would be decreased if goethite was present. 相似文献
975.
为探讨纳米材料的慢性生物效应以及材料结构对生物富集的影响,开展了A-TiO2(锐钛型纳米TiO2)和R-TiO2(金红石型纳米TiO2)在斑马鱼(Danio rerio)体内的长期富集和清除试验.采用半静态暴露试验,试验周期为46 d(暴露阶段28 d,清除阶段18 d),每种晶型设置2个处理组(ρ分别为4.0和10.0 mg/L),测定各时间点斑马鱼体内不同晶型纳米TiO2含量(以w计);以暴露阶段的BAF(生物富集系数)以及清除阶段的排出速率常数、总量清除率为终点,比较斑马鱼对2种晶型纳米TiO2的富集、清除的异同.结果表明:在暴露阶段,A-TiO2在斑马鱼体内的富集量显著高于R-TiO2,10.0 mg/L处理组斑马鱼体内富集量均显著高于4.0 mg/L处理组;4.0和10.0 mg/L的A-TiO2处理组的BAF分别为76.7和105.4 L/kg,略高于R-TiO2(41.6和36.1 L/kg),二者在斑马鱼体内均不具有生物蓄积性.在清除阶段,斑马鱼体内的2种晶型的纳米TiO2均可被排出,清除阶段的清除率为88.0%~100%;斑马鱼体内2种晶型纳米TiO2富集量的下降均符合一阶指数衰减方程,排出速率常数在0.26~1.01 d-1之间. 相似文献
976.
毛皮染色废水是一种高盐度、难降解、高污染的工业废水,整个处理环节都对环境生态有潜在的危害。文章采用4种不同废水处理工艺在相似操作运行参数下对毛皮染色废水进行处理,并利用T-RFLP技术观察不同处理工艺下活性污泥中细菌群落的多样性及群落结构的变化。结果表明,在4种处理工艺中,效果最好的是HA-SBR法,其COD、BOD5及NH4+-N的去除率分别可以达到93.75%、94%和93.59%。T-RFLP分析表明处理工艺的不同对细菌群落结构的变化有着较大的决定作用,变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)及拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是活性污泥中的优势种群,不同处理工艺下微生物群落多样性同NH4+-N浓度关系最为密切。研究还表明,通过添加特定微生物菌剂或调节生化工艺可以增加微生物群落多样性,从而增强污泥体系抗污染物冲击性能,提高处理效果。 相似文献
977.
978.
979.
动态飞行模拟器运动控制系统软件设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究动态飞行模拟器(DFS)运动控制系统软件功能、架构、模块、接口设计以及软件具体实现方法。方法在DFS工程控制系统功能及软件设计基础上,对运动控制系统功能及其与工程控制系统关系进行分析,结合现有软件设计方法及数据通讯方式,对软件进行架构设计、接口设计、模块设计,并结合软件运行环境对系统上位机软件进行设计。结果采用合适的编程语言实现了运动控制系统软件及其上位机软件的设计,并通过了工程实践对软件设计方法有效性的验证。结论工程实践表明文中所述DFS运动控制系统软件设计方法切实可行,能够满足工程应用要求。 相似文献
980.