Identifying key areas of ecosystem services potential to improve ecological management in Chongqing City,southwest China

Because natural ecosystems and ecosystem services (ES) are both critical to the well-being of humankind, it is important to understand their relationships and congruence for conservation planning. Spatial conservation planning is required to set focused preservation priorities and to assess future ecological implications. This study uses the combined measures of ES models and ES potential to estimate and analyze all four groups of ecosystem services to generate opportunities to maximize ecosystem services. Subsequently, we identify the key areas of conservation priorities as future forestation and conservation hotspot zones to improve the ecological management in Chongqing City, located in the upper reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Results show that ecosystem services potential is extremely obvious. Compared to ecosystem services from 2000, we determined that soil conservation could be increased by 59.11%, carbon sequestration by 129.51%, water flow regulation by 83.42%, and water purification by 84.42%. According to our prioritization results, approximately 48% of area converted to forests exhibited high improvements in all ecosystem services (categorized as hotspot-1, hotspot-2, and hotspot-3). The hotspots identified in this study can be used as an excellent surrogate for evaluation ecological engineering benefits and can be effectively applied in improving ecological management planning.     

Soil surface Hg emission flux in coalfield in Wuda,Inner Mongolia,China

Hg emission flux from various land covers, such as forests, wetlands, and urban areas, have been investigated. China has the largest area of coalfield in the world, but data of Hg flux of coalfields, especially, those with coal fires, are seriously limited. In this study, Hg fluxes of a coalfield were measured using the dynamic flux chamber (DFC) method, coupled with a Lumex multifunctional Hg analyzer RA-915+ (Lumex Ltd., Russia). The results show that the Hg flux in Wuda coalfield ranged from 4 to 318 ng m^?2 h^?1, and the average value for different areas varied, e.g., coal-fire area 99 and 177 ng m^?2 h^?1; no coal-fire area 19 and 32 ng m^?2 h^?1; and backfilling area 53 ng m^?2 h^?1. Hg continued to be emitted from an underground coal seam, even if there were no phenomena, such as vents, cracks, and smog, of coal fire on the soil surface. This phenomenon occurred in all area types, i.e., coal-fire area, no coal-fire area, and backfilling area, which is universal in Wuda coalfield. Considering that many coalfields in northern China are similar to Wuda coalfield, they may be large sources of atmospheric Hg. The correlations of Hg emission flux with influence factors, such as sunlight intensity, soil surface temperature, and atmospheric Hg content, were also investigated for Wuda coalfield.

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基于EEMD和EOF的鄱阳湖流域近550 a来旱涝时空变化

利用鄱阳湖流域及周边地区5个站点1467~2016年旱涝灾害史料,结合《中国近五百年旱涝分布图集》数据和现代器测降水资料,基于相关系数权重法集成重建了鄱阳湖流域近550 a旱涝序列。采用集合经验模态分解和经验正交函数等手段分析了鄱阳湖流域近550 a来的旱涝时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）鄱阳湖流域旱涝序列的各IMF分量变化规律符合自然信号的非线性变化的特征,主要的高频变化周期有2~3 a、7~8 a;中低频变化周期有22 a、36 a;低频变化周期有110 a、220 a等。（2）旱涝序列空间场的EOF分解表明,前4个模态的累积方差贡献率为93.68%,收敛效果明显。第一模态为区域整体变化一致;第二、三模态分别代表南北方向和东西方向上旱涝变化不一致;第四模态代表赣南地区的极端降水类型。（3）主要空间模态的时间系数功率谱分析结果表明,旱涝空间场模态的变化周期与旱涝序列EEMD分解的结果基本一致。 关键词： EEMD;EOF;旱涝变化;时空特征;鄱阳湖流域     

近53 a来长江流域极端降水指数特征

利用1963~2015年长江流域115个气象站点逐日降水数据,分析了不同极端降水指标的空间变化特点和时间变化趋势。结果表明,近53 a来,长江流域多年平均年极端降水量与年降水量从下游到上游逐渐递减,两者变化趋势大致呈现“增-减-增”的空间分布格局。年极端降水量对年降水量贡献（PEP）存在明显的空间分布差异,但贡献比例在流域内普遍呈现增加的趋势。持续1 d的极端降水事件的降水量分布及其变化趋势与年极端降水量的分布特征类似,其对年极端降水量的贡献比例高达65%以上,说明长江流域极端降水以持续1 d的极端降水事件为主。持续2 d及以上的极端降水事件主要集在中皖苏赣局部地区和四川中部地区,但其降水量对年极端降水量的贡献比例较小。从上游到下游,年最大日降水量（MDP）逐渐增大。其中,上游源头地区的沱沱河、曲麻莱和玉树3个站点MDP主要集中在0~25 mm之间,其他站点均以25~50 mm量级为主;长江流域中部地区的MDP大部分以50~100 mm的量级为主,处于100~150 mm之间的次之;长江流域东部地区主要以100~150 mm量级的MDP为主。 关键词： 极端降水;降水贡献;不同历时;长江流域     

基于DMSP-OLS夜间灯光数据的长江经济带城镇体系空间格局演变（1992～2013）

研究长江经济带城镇体系空间格局演变,对于透视长江经济带城镇体系空间格局演变特征和规律以及促进长江经济带城镇体系空间格局优化发展有着重要意义。利用多时相同期Landsat卫星数据以及运用聚类分析方法对长江经济带夜间灯光数据进行校正,并采用其他辅助数据法对比分析获取城镇建成区面积的阈值,在此阈值基础之上选取景观总面积、总斑块数量和聚集度指数等总共8个典型景观格局指标, 继而使用FRAG-STATS 4.2 软件对1992~2013年间长江经济带城镇发展的空间格局变化进行计算分析。研究结果表明：(1）1992~2013年间,长江经济带城镇化快速扩展,城镇建成区面积增加了9.68倍,斑块数量增加了2.39倍,斑块密度也得到较大的增加,反映出长江经济带城镇数量不断增加和城镇建成区面积不断扩大;（2）景观斑块形状复杂度逐渐上升,中小城市不断壮大,同时出现了较多的新兴小城镇,总边界长度和平均边界密度的年均增长速度分别为21.56%和21.58%,体现了长江经济带城镇间聚集度越来越高,相互影响也越来越大;(3）最大斑块指数和聚集度指数两个指标在整体上呈现出逐年下降的态势,但是景观总面积、总斑块数量和斑块密度等8个指标在演变过程中均存在一定的波动和无序化,反映出长江经济带在城镇化过程中呈现出不规则和无序化的特征。     

Larval and Juvenile Fish Assemblage Structure of Inshore Habitats in the Middle Reaches of Li River,China: Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Relation to Abiotic Factors

To evaluate the effect of abiotic factors on larval and juvenile fish assemblage in shallow waters of middle reaches of Li River, Guilin, China. Samplings were taken monthly at 7 stations in the mainstream and 2 stations in 3 tributaries from May 2014 to April 2015. Synchronously, temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen rainfall and discharge were obtained. In all, 11.886 larval and juvenile fish from 18 species belonging to 8 families, 16 genera was captured. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed obvious significant difference between the environmental variables across sampling areas and months. The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that water temperature, turbidity, discharge and rainfall were dominant factors on larval and juvenile fish assemblage.     

基于尾涡强度的无人机与民机纵向安全间隔评估研究

为了解决无人机频频入侵机场净空,与民航客机发生危险接近的问题,以碰撞风险为量化指标,对无人机与民机需要保持的纵向安全间隔进行评估研究。分析民机尾涡流场对无人机运行的影响,利用Crow近场涡强度消散理论,得到实际尾迹影响区改进Reich碰撞模板,据此建立CNS/GPS性能环境下的纵向间隔评估模型,通过Matlab进行间隔值求解。研究结果表明:模型可以较为准确地反映民机起飞初始爬升阶段无人机尾随运行时导航性能和尾涡迹对所需最小间隔值的影响,并得到给定安全目标水平的计算结果。     

钙钛矿型催化剂催化湿式氧化处理煤气化废水纳滤浓缩液

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Mn掺杂钙钛矿型催化剂LaFexMn1-xO3,并以其为催化剂催化湿式双氧水氧化处理煤气化废水纳滤浓缩液。采用XRD,SEM,FTIR技术对催化剂进行了表征。表征结果显示：制备的催化剂均具有标准的钙钛矿型结构,其中,LaFe0.9Mn0.1O3的结构稳定,比表面积大。实验结果表明：制备的催化剂中LaFe0.9Mn0.1O3的催化活性最高,且稳定性好,连续使用5次后催化活性未见明显减弱;在H2O2投加量3.0 g/L、n（H2O2）∶n（LaFe0.9Mn0.1O3）=12∶1、反应温度160 ℃、反应压力1 MPa、浓缩液pH 3、反应时间60 min的最优条件下,COD、UV254和TOC的去除率分别达到80.9%、95.2%和68.0%,BOD5/COD由0.02提升至0.40,可生化性大幅提高。     

臭氧氧化—湿式钙法吸收工艺对烟气的同时脱硫脱硝

采用臭氧氧化—湿式钙法吸收工艺对模拟烟气进行同时脱硫脱硝处理。O₃于150 ℃下具有较高的热稳定性,可将NO氧化为高价态氮氧化物,且NO氧化率随n（O₃）∶n（NO）的增大而逐渐提高。烟气中SO₂和H₂O的存在对NO氧化率的影响不大。O₃对SO₂的氧化率较低,约为5%。3%（w）石灰石浆液对SO₂的吸收率接近100%,NO_x吸收率随n（O₃）∶n（NO）的增大而逐渐提高,当n（O₃）∶n（NO）为1.6时NO_x吸收率可达约65%。SO₂能促进吸收液对NO_x的脱除。石灰石浆液中加入0.2%（w）的（NH₄）₂SO₃或Na₂SO₃后NO_x吸收率可达约85%或82%,且吸收率随添加剂加入量的增加而提高,添加（NH₄）₂SO₃的NO_x吸收率略高于添加Na₂SO₃。     

Recovery of silicon powder from kerf loss slurry waste using superconducting high gradient magnetic separation technology

A major challenge in recycling of silicon powder from kerf loss slurry waste is the complete removal of metal particles. The traditional acid leaching method is costly and not green. In this paper, a novel approach to recover high-purity Si from the kerf loss slurry waste of solar grade silicon was investigated. The metal impurities were removed with superconducting high gradient magnetic separation technology. The effects of process parameters such as magnetic flux density, slurry density, and slurry flow velocity on the removal efficiency were investigated, and the parameters were optimized. In one lot of control experiments, the silicon content was increased from 90.91 to 95.83%, iron content reduced from 3.24 to 0.57%, and aluminum content from 2.44 to 1.51% under the optimum conditions of magnetic flux density of 4.0 T, slurry density of 20 g/L, and slurry flow velocity of 500 mL/min. The result indicates that the superconducting high gradient magnetic separation technology is a feasible purifying method, and the magnetic separation concentrate could be used as an intermediate product for high-purity Si powder.