企业要强化安全生产管理

近年来,随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐渐深人,企业安全生产管理工作抓得越来越紧,防范力度也越来越大,安全成效越来越明显,但是安全生产管理中仍存在一定的隐患和问题,归纳起来大致有以下几方面：     

EBZ160 掘进机常见故障分析

本文在机械方面、液压方面分析了EBZ160掘进机的常见故障,为进一步研究掘进机提供了帮助。     

钻井工程安全技术与岗位安全操作规程

地质钻井工程作业属高度流动分散的艰苦行业,其工作条件多变、环境恶劣、危险程度较高。因此,加强钻探工人、钻井机长、班长的安全教育培训,提高从业人员的安全知识与技能,努力改善工作环境,把事故的风险降到最低点是一项长期性的工作任务。     

狭长地下受限空间火灾分区形成的试验研究

通过狭长地下受限空间的火灾模拟试验,研究O#柴油在不同空间尺度形成的火灾分区现象.分析柴油燃烧时狭长地下受限空间火灾分区现象形成的判断依据、条件、时间,惰化区氧气耗量与空间容积的关系,惰化区氧气体积分数、烟气温度随时间的变化.结果表明.燃料量、空间尺度和燃烧表面积是影响狭长地下受限空间火灾分区形成的主要因素;分区现象形成的判断依据为惰化区氧气体积分数≤16%;分区现象形成的条件为火焰区容积热强度≥720 kW·m-3.这对地下受限空间火灾的防治和其性能化设计具有参考价值.     

地下储库油气爆炸及抑爆机理与技术研究

针对地下储库受限空间的特点和油气爆炸抑制的需要.在前期所完成的系统油气爆炸试验和理论研究的基础上,采用超细冷气溶胶抑爆新技术,建立地下受限空间油气爆炸及其抑爆模拟试验系统,研制出新型超细冷气溶胶粉体抑爆剂,并对其进行可行性与有效性研究.对地下受限空间油气爆炸抑制的影响因素进行研究,分析了抑爆剂作用机理.结果表明:超细冷气溶胶是一种高效的抑制地下储库油气爆炸的抑爆剂;在相同试验条件下,迎着火焰传播方向喷射抑爆剂的抑爆效果优于垂直火焰传播方向喷射抑爆剂;喷射压力存在临界值,较小较大都不利于油气爆炸抑制,在本文试验条件下.最佳抑爆效果的喷射压力临界值约为0.8 Mpa;抑爆剂用量不能低于临界抑爆浓度,实验得到的抑爆刑临界浓度为0.232 ks/m3;布置方式对抑爆效果具有明显的影响.分散布置比集中布置具有更好的抑爆效果.本文的研究对后续抑爆装置的研制提供了重要的理论参考和关键设计参数.     

基于DPSIR模型的天津滨海新区生态环境安全评价研究

根据"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应"模型框架,提出了一套系统的区域生态安全水平度量的指标体系和评价模型,对天津滨海新区生态环境安全状态进行评估.首先选取能够反映区域驱动力、压力、状态、影响、和响应的32个指标构建评价指标体系; 其次,根据国家、行业和地方标准,结合国内外先进地区的现状进行指标的标准化赋值; 最后,建立区域生态环境安全综合评价模型.研究结果表明,2006年滨海新区的生态环境安全指数为0.49,2010年为0.55,2020年为0.67,分别处于警戒、警戒和较好状态.说明在滨海新区社会经济发展过程中,污染物的集中处理、物质的循环利用等响应措施的实施能够有效提高区域生态环境安全水平.     

TiO2/ACF复合材料吸附-光催化降解甲醛的实验研究

甲醛作为对人类具有高致癌风险的有机污染物,对其工作场所的安全要求也越来越严格。其减少及脱除需要发展更加高效的技术手段。本文以甲醛为目标化合物,在自行设计的气相光催化反应器中,以254nm紫外灯作光源,研究其在TiOE／ACF复合材料上的吸附一光催化降解行为。探讨了甲醛的初始浓度,光照强度、空气湿度等对甲醛吸附一光催化降解效率的影响。初步探讨了甲醛的降解机理。结果表明：TiOE／ACF复合材料对甲醛具有极好的降解效果,较低浓度的甲醛,经2h光照,甲醛蒸气降解率达到99．9％（初始浓度为1．93mg／m^3）;甲醛降解率随空气湿度增加而明显增加,适当地水分加入有利于产生羟基活性自由基,促进催化降解反应。实验结果对降低污染区域工作人员的职业中毒风险有重要的意义。     

Mathematical modelling of sewage sludge incineration in a bubbling fluidised bed with special consideration for thermally-thick fuel particles

Fluidised bed combustor (FBC) is one of the key technologies for sewage sludge incineration. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for the simulation of a large-scale sewage sludge incineration plant. The model assumes the bed consisting of a fast-gas phase, an emulsion phase and a fuel particle phase with specific consideration for thermally-thick fuel particles. The model further improves over previous works by taking into account throughflow inside the bubbles as well as the floating and random movement of the fuel particles inside the bed. Validation against both previous lab-scale experiments and operational data of a large-scale industrial plant was made. Calculation results indicate that combustion split between the bed and the freeboard can range from 60/40 to 90/10 depending on the fuel particle distribution across the bed height under the specific conditions. The bed performance is heavily affected by the variation in sludge moisture level. The response time to variation in feeding rate is different for different parameters, from 6min for outlet H(2)O, 10min for O(2), to 34min for bed temperature.     

Leaching behaviour of hazardous demolition waste

Demolition wastes are generally disposed of in unlined landfills for inert waste. However, demolition wastes are not just inert wastes. Indeed, a small fraction of demolition waste contains components that are hazardous to human health and the environment, e.g., lead-based paint, mercury-contained in fluorescent lamps, treated wood, and asbestos. The objective of this study is to evaluate the release potential of pollutants contained in these hazardous components when they are mixed with inert wastes in unlined landfills. After identification of the different building products which can contain hazardous elements and which can be potentially pollutant in landfill scenario, we performed leaching tests using three different lysimeters: one lysimeter containing only inert wastes and two lysimeters containing inert wastes mixed with hazardous demolition wastes. The leachates from these lysimeters were analysed (heavy metals, chlorides, sulphates fluoride, DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon), phenol index, and PAH). Finally, we compared concentrations and cumulative releases of elements in leachates with the limits values of European regulation for the acceptance of inert wastes at landfill. Results indicate that limit values are exceeded for some elements. We also performed a percolation column test with only demolition hazardous wastes to evaluate the specific contribution of these wastes in the observed releases.