电子垃圾焚烧排放的二噁英对周围大气环境的影响

为了研究电子垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英对周围环境的影响,同时在E1和E2采样点分别采集9个大气样品.E1周围分布大量的电子垃圾焚烧点,E2则位于E1南9 km处,周围无其他明显的二噁英排放源.所采样品用同位素稀释法进行分析测定,结果表明,E1和E2大气样品中二噁英的平均质量浓度分别为127.37、22.37 pg/m3,平均毒性当量浓度分别为8.777、1.305 pg I-TEQ/m3.八氯代二苯并呋喃(OCDF)、八氯代二苯并二噁英(OCDD)、七氯代二苯并呋喃(1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF)和七氯代二苯并二噁英(1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD)对2,3,7,8位氯代的二噁英的总浓度贡献较大,而五氯代二苯并呋喃(2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF)则对总毒性当量浓度贡献最大,其贡献率超过40%.在E1和E2两个采样点,二噁英在气相中的比例均随着氯原子取代数的增加而降低.两采样点相似的二噁英分布模式和气固分配,说明E2大气中二噁英主要来自于E1电子垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英.     

溴代二噁英类化合物的环境研究进展

溴代二噁英类化合物是一类剧毒环境污染物,主要来源于溴系阻燃剂与含溴系阻燃剂聚合物的生产、使用和回收等过程.随着溴系阻燃剂的广泛使用,溴代二噁英类化合物的环境和健康风险日益增加,对其环境问题的研究已成为当今环境科学的一大热点,而中国在此方面的研究还相当薄弱.介绍了溴代二噁英类化合物的结构性质,综述了溴代二噁英类化合物的分析方法、污染来源和环境分布,重点探讨了溴代二噁英类化合物的生成机制,介绍了生成溴代二噁英类化合物的影响因素,讨论并总结了当前研究中溴代二噁英类化合物污染来源解析与生成机制所存在的问题,最后展望了未来溴代二噁英类化合物的环境研究趋势.     

水体中常见无机阴离子对TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲醛的影响

选择了5种水体中常见的阴离子(Cl^-,SO^2-₄,HPO^2-₄/HPO^2-₄,HCO^-₃/CO^2-₃和NO^-₃),分别考查了其对TiO₂薄膜光催化降解模拟甲醛废水的反应速率的影响;从上述离子的光吸收,对·OH的捕获及其生成的相应的无机自由基的氧化作用以及与甲醛的竞争吸附3个方面讨论了上述离子影响TiO₂薄膜光催化降解模拟甲醛废水的反应速率的原因。结果表明,HCO^-₃/CO^2-₃对TiO₂薄膜光催化降解甲醛具有抑制作用,Cl^-和SO^2-₄的影响不大,H₂PO^-₄/HPO^2-₄和NO^-₃具有促进作用。造成上述结果的主要原因是HCO^-₃/CO^2-₃具有很强的·OH捕获作用;Cl^-,SO^2-₄对·OH捕获作用以及竞争吸附都较弱;H₂PO^-₄/HPO^2-₄在TiO₂表面具有较强的吸附能力,释放出的H⁺起到了酸催化剂的作用;NO^-₃在紫外光的照射下可以产生·OH,此外NO^-₃作为电子受体而降低了TiO₂表面光生电子和空穴的复合几率。     

陕西省城市雷电灾害分析

通过对2000-2007年的雷电灾害资料进行分析,给出我省雷电灾害的时空分布特征;分析了城市雷电灾害的成因;对典型城市雷灾个例进行了研究,提出一些防雷减灾措施.     

Anaerobic co-digestion of aquatic flora and quinoa with manures from Bolivian Altiplano

Quinoa stalk (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from agricultural crop residue, totora (Schoenoplectus tatora) and o-macrophytes (aquatic flora) from Lake Titicaca (on the Bolivian Altiplano) were studied in a wet anaerobic co-digestion process together with manure from llama, cow and sheep. Anaerobic semi-continuous experiments were performed in (10) 2-l reactors at a temperature of 25 degrees C with 30 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.8kgVSm(-3)d(-1). Totora was found to be the best co-substrate. In mixture ratios of 1:1 (VS basis), it increased the biogas productivity by 130% for llama manure, 60% for cow manure, and 40% for sheep manure. It was possible to use up to 58% (VS basis) of totora in the substrate. Higher concentrations (including pure totora) could not be digested, as that caused acidification problems similar to those caused by other lignocellulosic materials. When quinoa and o-macrophytes were used as co-substrates, the increase in biogas productivity was slightly less. However, these co-substrates did not cause any operational problems. An additional advantage of quinoa and o-macrophytes was that they could be used in any proportion (even in pure form) without causing any destabilization problems in the anaerobic digestion process.     

浅析油气储运设施环境保护管理发展趋势

针对油气储运设施工程特点,通过比较清洁生产和循环经济的理念及侧重点,提出了全生命周期的环保管理理念,然后根据这一理念分析了我国油气储运设施工程从设计、施工到投产、运行全过程的环保管理现状和发展趋势,并提出了相应建议。     

油田开发对地下水水源地的影响及对策分析

分析了在油田开发工程可能对水源地产生影响的三类事故,筛选出风险最大的事故是注水井井壁泄漏事故。采用地下水中污染物三维迁移转化模型和MODFLOW、MT3D模拟计算软件对某地下水水源地可能受到的石油类污染进行数学模拟,并针对模拟结果提出了污染预防和控制措施。     

A low cost method to estimate dissolved reactive phosphorus loads of rivers and streams

Concentration of dissolved reactive phosphorus ([DRP]) in rivers changes periodically (daily, weekly, seasonally) and is dependent on the weather and discharge Q. Accordingly, accurate estimation of the annual DRP load requires intensive sampling if not even continuous monitoring, which is laborious and expensive. We present a new, elaborated low cost technique based on passive samplers (P-traps), describing their design and chemical analysis. P-traps use iron(oxy)hydroxide as a sorbent, are inexpensive, easy to handle, and can be exposed for several months. We compare average DRP concentrations obtained from spot samples and P-traps and discuss the applicability and accuracy of the suggested method to measure annual P loads of rivers characterized by highly variable DRP concentrations.     

玉米生态工程建设综合评价：以黑龙江省肇东市为例

文章以黑龙江省肇东市为例 ,通过对该市玉米生态工程建设成效的综合分析与评价 ,得出生态工程建设是当前生态建设的重要措施 ,这一建设手段在肇东市的利用也己取得了明显的效果 ,说明了它在目前生态建设中具有巨大的生命力。但是 ,要使这一技术手段发挥更大的作用 ,必须大力发展先进适用的科学技术。     

糖蜜酒精废水两相UASB处理有机物去除特征

应用气相色谱研究了糖蜜酒精废水两相ＵＡＳＢ处理工艺段中有机物的去除情况,结果表明,酸化反应器内,易降解有机物的去除率上为１００％,产甲烷段反应器内,因易降解化合物在酸化反应器内大部分被去除,剩下的化合物的在该段反应器内去除率偏小,仅为８０％。质谱结果证实,进水中的酚类化合物经两级处理后,被有效去除。