生物滴滤器净化低浓度甲苯废气的非稳态工况研究

生物法处理大气污染物时,经常会遇到条件波动或污染物间歇排放等非稳态工况。在不同非稳态条件下,考察了甲苯废气间歇排放对生物滴滤器净化性能的影响。实验方案分3种情况:无甲苯废气排放、无循环液供应或同时没有甲苯废气和循环液的供应。间歇排放时间从2~47 d不等。结果表明,不管何种形式的停运或故障,甲苯净化能力4 d以内基本不下降;停运时间超过5 d,则甲苯去除能力严重下降,仅为原来的1/3~1/2;停运时间在10 d以内,24 h内即可恢复,47 d的长期停运,3 d内也可恢复净化能力。     

聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)的制备及其实际应用

以硅酸钠、硫酸铝及氢氧化钠等为原料,将硅酸钠在碱性条件下预聚,然后在快速搅拌下加到硫酸铝水溶液中,用氢氧化钠等碱性物质与混合液聚合而形成聚合铝硅混凝剂(PASS)。这种混凝剂在处理微污染饮用原水、富营养化湖水及再生纸生产废水时有较好的去除效果,具有广泛的应用前景。     

微污染水源水中NO2--N的去除

采用生物接触氧化法对北京某水库的微污染水源水进行了去除NO2-—N的试验研究。结果表明,运行期间,生物接触氧化柱(简称生化柱)对NO2-—N的去除率最高可达98%。水温对NO2-—N的去除效果有很大影响,水温越高,生化柱去除NO2-—N的效果越好;在原水水温相同的条件下,原水中NH4+—N浓度越低,生化柱去除NO2-—N的效率越高;原水中NO2-—N浓度越高,生化柱去除NO2-—N的效率越高。     

斑节对虾Penaeus monodon养成期间池水CODMn和BOD5的变化及其相互关系

研究了有益微生物制剂调控下,斑节对虾生长周期内,池水中CODMn和BOD5的变化规律.结果表明,CODMn和BOD5的动态变化大致分为3个阶段：前期在低浓度下缓慢增长,中期由较低浓度向较高浓度快速增长,后期在较高浓度波动,回归分析结果显示二者呈显著的线性正相关关系（P〈 0.01）.在养殖后期,未投放微生物的对照池中CODMn和BOD5浓度比投放微生物的试验池中有所增高,分别增高约9 %和21 %.     

浮游球衣菌对Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的吸附性能研究

研究了浮游球衣菌（Sphaerotilus natans）在不同吸附条件下对溶液中Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋的吸附规律。结果表明,Sphaerotilus natans对这4种重金属离子均有一定的吸附作用,并在20min内达到吸附平衡,pH对吸附过程影响较大,pH为5.5时Sphaerotilus natans对这4种金属离子的吸附效果最好,Sphaerotilus natans对它们的吸附选择性为Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cd^2＋,Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋能部分置换出已被菌体吸附的Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋。HCI和EDTA溶液可有效地将金属离子从菌体上解吸下来,解吸后的菌体可重复使用。     

反应萃取处理染料中间体H酸和DSD酸工业废水

分别采用三烷基胺(Alamine 336)和氯化季铵盐(Aliquat 336)为萃取剂,正辛醇为助溶剂,煤油为稀释剂,进行H酸、DSD酸及其工业废水反应萃取的实验研究结果表明,萃取率与溶液的pH值有关,Alamine 336体系适于酸性较强废水的处理,Aliquat 336体系适于中性废水的处理;采用多级错流萃取能有效地去除废水中两性官能团化合物和色度,去除率达99%以上,反萃率可达100%,工艺简单易行,溶剂可再生使用.     

钢包旋转塔的倾覆安全分析

介绍了钢包旋转塔的工作性质、结构特点和潜在危险 ,其抵抗倾覆的主要联接件地脚螺栓的结构、安装方法和预紧力的计算 ,在工作载荷、安装载荷下的强度分析 ,并探讨在生产运行期间的检查、维护等有关安全问题     

Estimation of Organic Carbon Blank Values and Error Structures of the Speciation Trends Network Data for Source Apportionment

Abstract

Because the particulate organic carbon (OC) concentrations reported in U.S. Environment Protection Agency Speciation Trends Network (STN) data were not blank corrected, the OC blank concentrations were estimated using the intercept in particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5) regression against OC concentrations. The estimated OC blank concentrations ranged from 1 to 2.4 μg/m³ showing higher values in urban areas for the 13 monitoring sites in the northeastern United States. In the STN data, several different samplers and analyzers are used, and various instruments show different method detection limit (MDL) values, as well as errors. A comprehensive set of error structures that would be used for numerous source apportionment studies of STN data was estimated by comparing a limited set of measured concentrations and their associated uncertainties. To examine the estimated error structures and investigate the appropriate MDL values, PM_2.5 samples collected at a STN site in Burlington, VT, were analyzed through the application of the positive matrix factorization. A total of 323 samples that were collected between December 2000 and December 2003 and 49 species based on several variable selection criteria were used, and eight sources were successfully identi?ed in this study with the estimated error structures and min values among different MDL values from the ?ve instruments: secondary sulfate aerosol (41%), secondary nitrate aerosol (20%), airborne soil (15%), gasoline vehicle emissions (7%), diesel emissions (7%), aged sea salt (4%), copper smelting (3%), and ferrous smelting (2%). Time series plots of contributions from airborne soil indicate that the highly elevated impacts from this source were likely caused primarily by dust storms.     

MOA-based linear and nonlinear QSAR models for predicting the toxicity of organic chemicals to Vibrio fischeri

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Risk assessment of pollutants to humans and ecosystems requires much toxicological data. However, experimental testing of compounds expends a large...     

The Qinghai–Tibet Railway: A landmark project and its subsequent environmental challenges

The first part of this paper reviews the environment-friendly techniques implemented when the Qinghai–Tibet Railway was built. They include (1) state-of-the-art techniques to protect the permafrost in the subgrade of the railway embankment; (2) measures to avoid disturbing the species in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau; (3) efforts to minimize the disturbance of the grassland and wetland; and (4) regulation to ensure the environmental disposal of the construction waste. The second part presents the subsequent environmental challenges which, after the operation of the railway, potentially risk the fragile ecological and environmental system in the plateau. The challenges come from the skyrocketing tourists, expansive natural resource exploitation, the long-term efficiency of permafrost-protected measure, and climatic warming.