ICCLP: An Inexact Chance-Constrained Linear Programming Model for Land-Use Management of Lake Areas in Urban Fringes

Lake areas in urban fringes are under increasing urbanization pressure. Consequently, the conflict between rapid urban development and the maintenance of water bodies in such areas urgently needs to be addressed. An inexact chance-constrained linear programming (ICCLP) model for optimal land-use management of lake areas in urban fringes was developed. The ICCLP model was based on land-use suitability assessment and land evaluation. The maximum net economic benefit (NEB) was selected as the objective of land-use allocation. The total environmental capacity (TEC) of water systems and the public financial investment (PFI) at different probability levels were considered key constraints. Other constraints included in the model were land-use suitability, governmental requirements on the ratios of various land-use types, and technical constraints. A case study implementing the system was performed for the lake area of Hanyang at the urban fringe of Wuhan, central China, based on our previous study on land-use suitability assessment. The Hanyang lake area is under significant urbanization pressure. A 15-year optimal model for land-use allocation is proposed during 2006 to 2020 to better protect the water system and to gain the maximum benefits of development. Sixteen constraints were set for the optimal model. The model results indicated that NEB was between $1.48 × 10⁹ and $8.76 × 10⁹ or between $3.98 × 10⁹ and $16.7 × 10⁹, depending on the different urban-expansion patterns and land demands. The changes in total developed area and the land-use structure were analyzed under different probabilities (q _i ) of TEC. Changes in q _i resulted in different urban expansion patterns and demands on land, which were the direct result of the constraints imposed by TEC and PFI. The ICCLP model might help local authorities better understand and address complex land-use systems and develop optimal land-use management strategies that better balance urban expansion and grassland conservation.     

翡翠贻贝内脏团抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化物含量对苯并(b)荧蒽胁迫的生物响应研究

为了研究苯并(b)荧蒽这一典型的多环芳烃化合物对水生生物的毒性效应,测定了不同浓度(2.0、10.0和50.0 μg· L-1)苯并(b)荧蒽胁迫15 d和清水释放10 d后翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)内脏团组织中抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD和GPx)活性和MDA含量的变化.结果表明,2.0 μg· L-1浓度组...     

07A系列军用制式皮鞋研制

本文根据部队官兵需要,明确了重新研制07A系列军用制式皮鞋的重要意义,并逐一说明了07A系列常服皮鞋、礼服皮鞋的产品特点。     

云南城市化进程中的生态环境建设

城市化进程中会产生污染严重、生态遭到破坏和环境质量差等问题。云南在城市化进程中应采取实施可持续发展等措施，加强对现存城市的整治和新设城市的保护，确立建设生态园林城市的目标和方面并努力加以实现。     

鄱阳湖沙山植物叶片与土壤C∶N、C∶P沿沙化梯度分布特征

在鄱阳湖多宝沙山沿沙化梯度测定了17种常见植物叶片及土壤有机碳(C)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)含量,以阐明沙山常见植物种与土壤C〖DK〗∶N、C〖DK〗∶P分布特征及对沙化的响应,为沙山植被恢复提供基础数据。结果表明：（1）植物叶片C〖DK〗∶N、C〖DK〗∶P分布范围为185～1273、1698～5071,平均值分别为431、3418;土壤0～10、10～30、30～50 cm层C〖DK〗∶N变化范围分别为98～463、24～465和37～450; 相应土层C〖DK〗∶P范围分别为198～759、30～905和47～765。（2）植物C〖DK〗∶N、C〖DK〗∶P对沙化的响应模式一致,均表现出在重度沙化区数值最小;土壤C〖DK〗∶N随沙化程度增加表现出降低趋势,而C〖DK〗∶P则表现出增加趋势,二者对沙化的响应不一致。（3）植物C〖DK〗∶N、C〖DK〗∶P变化主要取决于叶片的N、P含量;土壤C〖DK〗∶N的变化受控于土壤N含量;C〖DK〗∶P变化则决定于土壤有机C含量     

西南地区再生铝冶炼行业二(口恶)英大气排放

采用现场监测方式调查了西南地区5家再生铝冶炼企业废气中PCDD/Fs排放情况.结果表明,5家再生铝企业废气中PCDD/Fs浓度范围(以TEQ计,下同)为0.015~0.16 ng·m-3,平均为0.093 ng·m-3;PCDD/Fs排放因子范围为0.041~4.68μg·t-1,平均排放因子2.01μg·t-1;其中,坩埚熔炼炉的PCDD/Fs排放因子最高.各家再生铝冶炼企业废气中17种PCDD/Fs异构体分布特征差异明显.另外,仅安装了布袋除尘装置企业的废气中R PCDF/PCDD最低,为1.7;而其他安装了水冷或水喷淋设施企业的废气中R PCDF/PCDD为3.8~12.6(平均7.7).以上结果表明,再生铝冶炼企业PCDD/Fs生成机制与废气处理装置类型关系密切.本研究结果为我国制定再生铝行业排放标准和最佳可行性技术指导规范提供了技术支撑.     

鼠李糖脂对林丹-重金属复合污染土壤的同步淋洗效果研究

选取典型有机氯农药林丹及典型重金属Pb、Cd为目标污染物,以模拟污染土壤为对象,考察了鼠李糖脂对林丹/重金属的增溶/配合作用及其影响因素,同时分析了淋洗前后土壤重金属的形态变化,并深入研究了鼠李糖脂对林丹-重金属复合污染土壤的淋洗效果.结果表明,林丹溶解度随鼠李糖脂浓度及离子强度的提高显著增大,但随pH(5.0~10.0)的提高而逐渐降低.鼠李糖脂对Pb的配合能力大于Cd,两种重金属的配合浓度随鼠李糖脂浓度的增加而增加;pH提高对Pb的配合有抑制作用,而对Cd有所促进.鼠李糖脂在土壤上的吸附符合线性等温吸附.当鼠李糖脂浓度高于5000 mg·L-1时,其对3种污染物的淋洗开始有显著效果;当鼠李糖脂浓度为40000 mg·L-1时,其对林丹、Pb及Cd的去除率分别达到76.9%、18.0%和100%,且pH为7.0时淋洗效果最好.同时,鼠李糖脂对不同形态Pb和Cd的去除能力有差异,其中,对可交换态重金属的去除最为有效.     

Fe/Zn-TMS体系吸收去除催化裂化干气中H2S的性能

本研究采用FeCl3·6H2O、ZnCl2和环丁砜(TMS)复配形成的Fe/Zn-TMS体系脱除催化裂化(FCC)干气中的H2S,并用30%H2O2氧化再生Fe/Zn-TMS体系.同时,研究了各活性成分比例、吸收液体积浓度、吸收液pH值等对脱硫效率的影响,以及H2O2用量、吸收富液pH值对Fe2+氧化率的影响.结果表明,n(FeCl3·6H2O)∶n(ZnCl2)∶n(TMS)为0.45∶0.55∶1,吸收液pH为0.75,体积浓度(W)为50%的条件下能长时间高效脱硫,最高脱硫率达99.9%;在n(Fe2+)∶n(H2O2)为2∶1,吸收富液pH为0.65的条件下,Fe2+氧化率达96.7%.体系可循环使用3次,且能耗低、操作简单.     

Extraction and characterization of bound extracellular polymeric substances from cultured pure cyanobacterium (Microcystis wesenbergii)

Preliminary characterization of bound extracellular polymeric substances（bEPS） of cyanobacteria is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the formation mechanism of cyanobacterial bloom. However,the characterization of bEPS can be affected by extraction methods. Five sets（including the control） of bEPS from Microcystis extracted by different methods were characterized using three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix（3DEEM） fluorescence spectroscopy combined chemical spectrophotometry; and the characterization results of bEPS samples were further compared. The agents used for extraction were NaOH,pure water and phosphate buffered saline（PBS） containing cationic exchange resins,and hot water. Extraction methods affected the fluorescence signals and intensities in the bEPS. Five fluorescence peaks were observed in the excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectra of bEPS samples. Two peaks（peaks T1 and T2） present in all extractions were identified as protein-like fluorophores,two（peaks A and C） as humic-like fluorophores,and one（peak E） as a fulvic-like substance.Among these substances,the humic-like and fulvic-like fluorescences were only seen in the bEPS extracted with hot water. Also,NaOH solution extraction could result in strong fluorescence intensities compared to the other extraction methods. It was suggested that NaOH at pH 10.0 was the most appropriate method to extract bEPS from Microcystis. In addition,dialysis could affect the yields and characteristics of extracted bEPS during the determination process. These results will help us to explore the issues of cyanobacterial blooms.