石油降解菌群构建的研究

本实验通过初步有序组合方法将筛选得到的原油降解菌株A5、A6、YA5、YA6,十六烷降解菌株B3、YB3,萘降解菌株C3、YC3,石蜡降解菌株及产表面活性剂菌株D4共9株优良菌株进行组合后分别做液态原油降解实验,排除拮抗效应,优化互生效应,结果发现A5、YB3、YC3、D4配伍组合为最佳组合方案,此时的原油降解率达到58.6%,然后再通过正交法确定这四种菌株的配比,结果发现当A5:YB3:YC3:D4为0.5:1:0.1:0.5时对原油的降解效率最高为61.3%。     

深圳大鹏湾海域表层沉积物和生物体中多环芳烃残留及其风险评价

为了研究深圳大鹏湾海域沉积物和生物体中多环芳烃的污染状况,2011年10月在大鹏湾采集表层沉积物及鱼类、虾类和贝类等生物样品,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析了16种优先控制多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量.结果表明,大鹏湾海域表层沉积物和生物样品中PAHs总量范围分别为216.56~1 314.92 ng·g-1(干重,下同)和70.88~251.90 ng·g-1(湿重,下同);生物样品按平均含量计,鱼类最高(171.52 ng·g-1),贝类次之(134.75 ng·g-1),虾类最低(123.35 ng·g-1).与全球其他海域相比,大鹏湾海域表层沉积物和生物体PAHs污染处于中等水平.沉积物中PAHs的组成以4环为主,来源分析表明该海域PAHs污染主要来源于化石燃料燃烧源和石油污染源的共同输入.生物体中PAHs主要为2~3环PAHs,这与其生活习性和污染物的生物可利用性等因素有关.风险评价表明,大鹏湾表层沉积物中的PAHs在一定程度上可能会对该海域生物产生不利影响;生物样品PAHs的苯并(a)芘等效浓度值相对较高,长期食用这些水产品可能会有潜在的健康风险.     

人工湿地植物对高盐废水中COD的去除作用

针对经生化处理的石油和精细化工工业区的工业废水盐含量较高、氮磷营养盐含量较低和COD含量较高的特点,构建了高盐度进水条件下表面流人工湿地的中试试验装置,考察了水葱、芦苇和香蒲在此类高盐废水中的生长状况,比较了三种植物混合试验单元与无植物试验单元对此类高盐废水中COD的去除效果,研究了高含盐量工业废水湿地系统内植物生长对微生物量的影响,以及植物在微生物去除COD过程中的作用。结果表明,高含盐量的工业废水对水葱、芦苇和香蒲的生长有一定的抑制作用,植物单元对工业废水中有机物的净化效果明显好于无植物单元,且植物生长越好,人工湿地内水体中的COD净化效果越好。混合植物单元对高含盐量工业废水中COD的总去除量约为无植物单元的4倍,证明植物的存在可以增强湿地单元内土壤微生物对有机物的去除能力。     

Simultaneous monitoring of PCB profiles in the urban air of Dalian, China with active and passive samplings

The concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the urban air of Dalian, China was monitored from November 2009 to October 2010 with active high-volume sampler and semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) passive sampler. The concentration of PCBs (particle + gas) ( ∑ PCBs) ranged from 18.6 to 91.0 pg/m 3 , with an average of 50.9 pg/m 3 , and the most abundant dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCBs) was PCB118. The WHO-TEQ values of DL-PCBs were 3.6-22.1 fg/m3 , with an average of 8.5 fg/m 3 , and PCB126 was the maximum contributor to ∑ TEQ. There was a much larger amount of PCBs in the gas phase than in the particulate phase. The dominant PCB components were lower and middle molecular weight PCBs. With increasing chlorination level, the concentration of the PCB congeners in the air decreased. The gas-particulate partitioning of PCBs was different for the four seasons. The gas- particulate partitioning coefficients (logK p ) vs. subcooled liquid vapor pressures (logP L 0 ) of PCBs had reasonable correlations for different sampling sites and seasons. The absorption mechanism contributed more to the gas-particulate partitioning process than adsorption. Correlation analysis of meteorological parameters with the concentration of PCBs was conducted using SPSS packages. The ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were important factors influencing the concentration of PCBs in the air. The distribution pattern of the congeners of PCBs and the dominant contributors to DL-PCBs and TEQ in active samples and SPMDs passive samples were similar. SPMD mainly sequestrated gas phase PCBs.     

黟县发展乡村旅游的SWOT分析及对策研究

运用SWOT分析法，对黟县乡村旅游发展的优势、劣势、机会、威胁进行了分析，认为黟县依托西递、宏村两处世界文化遗产，乡村旅游的发展取得了一定成就，但也存在一些深层次结构性欠缺和矛盾。在激烈的竞争和旅游形势变化的环境下，黟县应采取一系列有效策略和措施，促进乡村旅游的快速、持续发展。     

确定挤压凹模模孔位置的强度法

提出了以应力作为目标函数,优化模孔位置的方法,以此设计的挤压凹模,能提高其强度安全系数和使用寿命。以叉车内门架的模拟试件挤压凹模为例,进行了分析计算,结果表明,该方法简明易行。     

库车坳陷侏罗系烃源岩热演化研究

根据烃源岩样品Ro、EasyRo值、天然气成熟度分析 ,库车坳陷侏罗系烃源岩热演化程度较高 ,总体上已达成熟 -高成熟阶段。拜城凹陷烃源岩成熟度高 ,该凹陷及其周围是寻找大中型气田的有利地区。拜城凹陷和阳霞凹陷侏罗系烃源岩分别约在老第三纪和晚白垩世开始进入成熟阶段 ,分别在中新世末和渐新世末进入生气高峰 ,气源岩的热演化具有先慢后快的特点。库车坳陷天然气藏主要在喜山期形成。     

河南省臭氧污染趋势特征及敏感性变化

基于环境空气质量站点数据及卫星遥感数据,研究了河南省近地面臭氧（O₃）2015～2020年变化特征、趋势和生成敏感性.结果表明,2015～2020年,河南省近地面O₃浓度先上升后下降,2018年浓度最高,O₃日最大8 h滑动平均值（MDA8）年均值为110.70μg·m^-3,各站点间的MDA8值差异逐渐缩小;河南省月均MDA8时间序列表现为上升趋势,增长速率为2.46μg·（m³·a）^-1,经Mann-Kendall趋势检验,除漯河、南阳和平顶山市外其它地市上升趋势均具有显著性意义（P<0.05）;6 a间四季MDA8浓度也呈增长趋势,增长大小为：秋季（19.31%）>冬季（17.09%）>春季（16.82%）>夏季（7.24%）; 2015～2019年河南省对流层NO₂高值集中在西北部,浓度呈下降趋势,下降速率为0.34×10¹⁵ molecules·（cm²·a）...     

Comprehensive prenatal diagnostics: Exome versus genome sequencing

Objective

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of prenatal genetic testing using trio whole exome sequencing (WES) and trio whole genome sequencing (WGS) in pregnancies with fetal anomalies by comparing the results with conventional chromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis.

Methods

A total of 40 pregnancies with fetal anomalies or increased nuchal translucency (NT ≥ 5 mm) were included between the 12th and 21st week of gestation. Trio WES/WGS and CMA were performed in all cases.

Results

The trio WES/WGS analysis increased the diagnostic yield by 25% in cases with negative CMA results. Furthermore, all six chromosomal aberrations identified by CMA were independently detected by WES/WGS analysis. In total, 16 out of 40 cases obtained a genetic sequence variant, copy number variant, or aneuploidy explaining the phenotype, resulting in an overall WES/WGS diagnostic yield of 40%. WES analysis provided a more reliable identification of mosaic sequence variants than WGS because of its higher sequencing depth.

Conclusions

Prenatal WES/WGS proved to be powerful diagnostic tools for fetal anomalies, surpassing the diagnostic yield of CMA. They have the potential to serve as standalone methods for prenatal diagnosis. The study highlighted the limitations of WGS in accurately detecting mosaic variants, which is particularly relevant when analyzing chorionic villus samples.