Effects of metal cations on sorption-desorption of p-nitrophenol onto wheat ash

The mutual e ects of metal cations (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) and p-nitrophenol (NP) on their adsorption desorption behavior onto wheat ash were studied. Results suggested that Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ diminished the adsorption and increased the desorption of NP remarkably, while Cd2+ had no such e ect. In contrast, NP diminished the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ onto ash, however, this suppression e ect depended on the initial concentrations of metal cations. NP had no e ect on Cd2+ adsorption on ash. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) studies suggested the following mechanisms responsible for the metal suppression e ect on NP adsorption: (1) large hydrated Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ shells occupied the surface of ash and prevent nonspecific adsorption of NP onto ash surface; (2) Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ may block the micropores of ash, resulting in decreased adsorption of NP; (3) complexation of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ was likely via carboxyl, hydroxylic and phenolic groups of wheat ash and these same groups may also react with NP during adsorption. As a “soft acid”, Cd2+ is less e cient in the complexation of oxygencontaining acid groups than Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+. Thus, Cd2+ had no e ect on the adsorption of NP on wheat ash.     

加热和亚铁离子活化过硫酸钠氧化降解4-CP的研究

通过加热和亚铁离子2种方法活化过硫酸钠产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基,利用硫酸根自由基氧化难降解有机污染物.以对氯苯酚(4-CP)为目标污染物,研究了温度、pH值、亚铁离子浓度、过硫酸钠浓度、柠檬酸浓度对4-CP降解率的影响.结果表明,升高温度可以显著地提高4-CP降解率.反应4h后,在30℃,4-CP降解率只有2.5%;在50℃,4-CP降解率能够达到43.5%;而在60℃,4-CP降解率为100%.pH值对4-CP降解率的影响较大,依次为pH4.0pH7.0pH10.0.在室温下,亚铁离子是促使4-CP降解的必要条件,并且对反应条件进行了优化,分子探针实验证实了硫酸根自由基的存在.在过硫酸钠/亚铁离子体系加入适量的柠檬酸能够有效利用溶液中的亚铁离子,在等量的过硫酸钠存在条件下,常温下过硫酸钠/亚铁离子/柠檬酸体系对4-CP降解率为50.9%,优于50℃下过硫酸钠体系对4-CP降解率43.5%.     

废食用油活性炭脱色工艺的研究

脱色处理是提高废食用油油品质量、利用其生产生物柴油的关键环节之一.研究餐饮废食用油活性炭吸附脱色工艺,考察典型木质活性炭和煤基活性炭对脱色效果的影响,并将活性炭结构、性能指标与其脱色能力进行关联.结果表明,以弱粘性煤和褐煤为原料制备的活性炭对废食用油脱色效果较好;活性炭的总孔容积、总比表面积、微孔比表面积、微孔容积、碘值和亚甲基蓝值等性能指标与脱色效果关联度不大,而活性炭的孔径和中孔容积是决定活性炭脱色效果的主要指标.优化后废食用油活性炭脱色工艺的主要参数是:活性炭用量7%,炭粒度100～300目,脱色温度90～120℃,吸附时间为30 min,搅拌速度为10 r/min,废食用油的脱色率在50%～65%.     

Macro analysis of spatiotemporal variations in ecosystems from 1996 to 2016 in Xishuangbanna in Southwest China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study used remote sensing images from 1996 to 2016 as the main data source, and selected the average annual ecosystem type net change rate,...     

Effects of emergent and submerged rigid vegetation configurations on gravity current dynamics

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The propagation and hydrodynamic processes of lock-exchange gravity current through vegetation regions were investigated experimentally. Experimental results show...     

城市高温灾害及其预防

本文通过实例阐述了大城市高温灾害的主要成因是热岛效应；分析了高温对工业生产、人民生活的影响和危害，进而提出了城市高温灾害的预防措施和对策。     

福建龙岩中甲锡多金属矿床构造控矿特征

中甲锡多金属矿床是受政和一大埔断裂带的低序级构造所控制的矿床。控矿构造研究表明，锡矿化及矿体主要受NE－NNE、NW向断裂、裂隙以及接触带构造的复合控制，构造变形以服性—脆韧性为主，构造控矿型式多样并决定矿（化）体的空间定位方式，形成高中温热液型、破碎蚀变岩型、斑宕型锡多金属矿床，成为中甲锡多金属矿床的重要成矿地质条件之一。     

橡■单宁去除水中有毒重金属离子的研究

研究了用橡单宁处理Ｐｂ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋、Ｃｒ３＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｍｎ２＋、Ｆｅ２＋六种重金属离子的最佳条件。结果表明，在中性或微碱性条件下，几种金属离子的最佳去除率分别可达８０６％、９２２％、８５３％、９１４％、８５０％、８６０％。探讨了橡单宁絮凝的机理。     

催化光度法测定污水中的苯胺

研究了在硫酸环境中苯胺对Ⅰ~-催化Ce~(4 )-As(Ⅲ)氧化还原反应的抑制作用及其动力学条件,据此建立了催化光度法测定苯胺的新方法。实验结果表明,在0.01mg/L Ⅰ~-、0.001mol/L Ce(SO_4)_2、0.00125mol/L As_2O_3、0.75％(W/V)NaCl、0.225mol/L H_2SO_4溶液中测定苯胺,其线性范围为0.00-0.35mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.02×10~sL·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。采用初蒸馏法可消除金属离子、氨、苯酚。水杨酸的干扰、用本法测定污水中苯胺,结果满意。     

检测致突变(致癌)物质的简易法

螺胚以羟基脲处理使其大多数细胞分裂同步后,以各种化学品或药物处理之,然后测定螺胚增长与对照组比较,凡能损伤DNA的物质均使螺胚增长放慢.此法能检测环境中各类物质的致突变性(致癌性).