生化法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气的动力学模式研究

针对目前国际上常用的吸收－生物膜理论，在描述生化法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气机理过程中的存在问题，提出了吸附－生物膜的新理论，并依据这一新理论建立了生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气的动力学模式。实验结果表明，其模拟计算值与实验值之间有很好的相关性，相关系数Ｐ〉０．９３，利用这一新理论及模式，可由已知操作参数对生物膜填料塔的净化效果进行预测计算，也能为有关的理论研究和实际操作提供参考。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛植被微区CO2浓度的监测

在南极苔藓植被的微环境区内 ,CO2 的浓度在 4 73 5mg·m- 3以上 ,大大高于全球CO2 的平均浓度 (3 56mg·m- 3) ,可见苔藓等植被区可能是大气CO2 的源之一 .这与特殊的南极条件下植被的生理生态特性有关 .在苔藓分布区 ,CO2 浓度日变化的主要影响因素是光照和温度 .菲尔德斯半岛变化无常的天气状况使得CO2 浓度昼夜变化规律出现局部波动 ,不同的天气状况也使CO2 浓度发生变化 .研究表明 :光照条件是CO2 浓度变化的主导影响因素 ,从CO2 浓度的季节变化中可以看出 ,CO2 浓度变化与大气温度呈负相关 ;与降水量和空气相对湿度呈正相关 .本文首次给出了极地环境下植被微区的CO2 浓度变化及其影响因素 ,为极地温室气体的研究提供了新的材料     

城市生活垃圾焚烧过程中的二恶英污染

城市生活垃圾的焚烧处理虽有其优点，但同时又是剧毒污染物二恶英类物质产生的主要来源。为有助于开发城市固体废弃物的洁净能源化利用的新技术，介绍了二恶英类物质的结构、物理和毒理性质、在焚烧过程中产生的机制等内容。     

Electrically enhanced photodegradation of an azodye(Acid Orange Ⅱ) using a Pt/TiO2 film electrode irradiating with an UV lamp

A photoelectrochemical process in the degradation of an azodye(Acid Orange II)on a Pt/TiO2 film electrode was investigated.By using the glass device and the voltage stabilized source of direct current,decolorization ratios higher than 78% were observed during a period of 5h.Comparing this value with the sum of the decolorization ratios obtained by a sole application of electrochemical(lower than 3%)and photochemical(about 23%)procedures, a significant synergic effect between both processes was observed.The effects of adscititious voltage and pH value on the decolorization ratios were obvious while the effect of the amount of aeration was minor.     

沙堆实验研究三峡库区典型水域环境的水华污染行为

基于自组织临界性理论，设计和实施了具有真实物理意义的沙堆实验，结合三峡库区典型流域多年来富营养污染和水华爆发的现场监测资料，研究了缓流水系综合营养指数的变化趋势，描述了水华爆发／消退过程的自组织临界性行为。将沙堆实验统计数据中符合自组织临界性规律的普适性因子：沙堆底盘直径D、沙粒长度三、沙粒半径r和沙粒密度ρ等，与富营养污染流域中导致水华爆发的非线性耗散型控制函数相关联，从而有可能通过不同情况下沙堆崩塌的难易程度、频度和规模来发现、描述和确定水华爆发的内在机制和演化过程。沙堆实验的数值分析结果与这些典型流域水华发生过程的周期振荡行为和变化规律具有较好的一致性。     

Investigation of volatile methyl siloxanes in biogas and the ambient environment in a landfill

Landfill biogas is a potential alternative for fossil fuel,but the containing impurities,volatile methyl siloxanes(simplified as siloxanes),often cause serious problems in gas turbines when applied to generate electricity.In this research,a collecting and analyzing method based on solvent adsorption and purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was established to determine the siloxanes in biogas from a landfill in Jinan,China,and adjacent ambient samples,such as soil,air,and leachate of the landfill.The results showed that,octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(D5) accounted for 63% of total siloxanes;and without considering D4 and D5,the order of detected siloxanes in concentration was found relating to Gibbs free energies of molecules,namely that higher abundant siloxane(except for D4 and D5) usually had lower Gibbs free energy.Additionally,the mass ratio between D4 and octamethyltrisiloxane(L3) in the bio gas varied with different garbage age in landfills,possibly revealing the breaking-down of larger siloxane molecules with time.The samples,which were collected from environmental samples adjacent to the landfill,such as soil,water,and air,presented much higher siloxane level than urban or rural area away from landfills.The current H2 S scrubber of the landfill biogas could decrease the total siloxanes from 10.7 to 5.75 mg/m~3 due to Fe2 O3 and a refrigerant drier in a purification system and cyclic siloxanes were more easily removed than linear ones.     

Characterization of VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in the Pearl River Delta of China

Speciated characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), from construction machinery and river ships in China is currently lacking. In this regard, we conducted field measurement on speciated VOC (including OVOC) emissions from six construction machinery and five river ships in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region to identify VOC emission characteristics. We noticed that OVOC emissions from construction machinery and ships accounted for more than 50% of the total VOC emissions, followed by alkenes, aromatics and alkanes. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most emission species, accounting for 61.8%-83.2% of OVOCs. For construction machinery, the fuel-based emission factors of roller, grader and pile driver were 3.12, 3.12 and 7.36 g/kg, respectively. With the rigorous restraint by the national emission standards, VOC emissions of construction machinery had decreased considerably, especially during stage Ⅲ. Ozone formation potential was also significantly reduced due to the significant decrease in emissions of OVOCs and alkenes with higher reactivity. For river ships, the fuel-based emission factors of cargo ships and speedboat were 1.46 and 0.44 g/kg, respectively. VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in Guangdong Province in 2017 were 8851.0 and 4361.0 ton, respectively. This study filled the knowledge gaps of reactive gas emissions from different kinds of non-road mobile sources over the PRD, and more importantly, highlighted the necessity in adding OVOC measurement to give a complete and accurate depiction of reactive gas emissions from non-road mobile sources.     

水质生物毒性检测仪在环境治理中的应用研究

水中存在的多种有毒生物严重影响水体质量,对水质生物的毒性进行检测,可有效提高环境治理效果。采用毒性检测仪对水质生物毒性进行检测,通过分析水质生物毒性检测仪的光电探测器、分压器等硬件结构的工作原理,完成对水质生物毒性的检测。实验结果表明,采用水质生物毒性检测仪检测方法与传统检测方法得到的检测结果相差较小,其具有的便于携带、操作简单和实验周期短等优点,可有效的应用到环境治理中,为环境治理提供较大帮助。     

环境水污染事件应急监测演练评估模型构建研究

以环境水污染事件为背景,基于层次分析-线性加权法的构建环境水污染事件应急监测演练评估模型。利用层次分析法建立应急演练评估指标体系,构建各因素的判断矩阵,判断矩阵的特征向量作为评估指标的权重,由多位专家评估的权重值计算平均权重,然后利用线性加权法构建应急演练的综合评估模型。通过某江河的水污染事件应急演练实例,对评估模型进行了验证。     

南京青奥期间污染减排对空气质量影响研究

为评估污染减排对南京青奥期间空气质量影响,利用排放系数法估算减排量,利用敏感系数分析管控措施有效性.结果表明:经过8月份的强力减排,SO2、NO2、PM2.5、PM10、CO与VOCs减排量分别为3438、4402、3177、7249、15890与4052 t,减排比例分别为-29%、-25%、-45%、-65%、-26%、-22%;环境空气中SO2、NO2、PM2.5、PM10、CO与O3浓度环比7月分别下降了-18.8%、-15.0%、-37.0%、-35.4%、-7.1%与-50.4%;敏感系数排序为:O3>PM2.5>SO2>NO2>PM10>CO,除了O3外,其余污染物浓度下降比例小于减排比例,说明要取得一定空气质量改善,需要付出更多的减排努力.