测定氟化物中制备无氟清洗水的简易方法

通过试验证明,一定浓度的KCl溶液滴加到去离子水中,对去除水中微量的F离子有良好效果。该方法简单易行,十分适合氟离子选择电极法测定中无氟水的制备。     

珠江口狮子洋海域表层沉积物重金属污染及其生态风险评价

采用污染指数法和生态风险指数法对珠江口狮子洋海域表层沉积物中Hg、Cu、Cd、Pb、As等污染要素进行分析和评价。结果表明:该海域的总体污染程度为低污染水平,污染程度由大到小依次为As>Cu>Pb>Hg>Cd;该海域的总体生态风险性为低,生态风险性由高到低依次为Hg>As>Cd>Cu>Pb,Hg为该海域的主要潜在生态风险因子。     

添加Fe2+和Co2+对牲畜粪便发酵产沼气的影响

以牛粪为发酵原料,研究了不同浓度的Fe2+和Co2+对沼气产量和产气周期的影响。结果表明,物料添加Fe2+和Co2+的浓度为1.2μg/L时均可达到沼气最大产量。物料中Fe2+的浓度为1.2μg/L时,沼气总产量为3 648.25 mL,最高产气可持续7 d,日平均产气量为148 mL;1.2μg/L的Co2+的沼气总产量为2 766.25 mL,最高产气可持续5 d,日平均产气量为132.8 mL。物料添加不同浓度Fe2+和Co2+可延长产气周期,但对沼气生产的启动时间、发酵前后物料的碳氮比及pH值均无影响。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水中丙烯腈、丙烯醛

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱测定水中丙烯腈、丙烯醛,优化试验条件。该方法具有较高的灵敏度、良好的线性、方法简便。丙烯腈检出限为0.002 mg/L;丙烯醛检出限为0.003 mg/L,标准样品测定的相对标准偏差为3.2%,实际样品的加标回收率为80.0%～110%。     

浅谈格栅-高效浅层气浮-消解酸化-生化曝气工艺在处理高浓度酱厂废水中的应用

采用格栅一旋转固液分离一高效浅层气浮一消解酸化一生化曝气工艺处理高浓度酱厂废水,设计规模为1000 m['3]/h,总排口水质为:pH=7.05、COD<,cr>=71.6mg/L、SS=38mg/L、NH<,3>一N=1mg/L.     

广州城区冬季大气边界层气溶胶激光雷达探测

激光雷达是大气边界层气溶胶和云的一个高效探测工具。2010年12月利用Mie散射激光雷达对广州城区冬季大气边界层进行系统观测,分析讨论了测站地域上空大气气溶胶的消光系数垂直分布和时间变化的主要特征。结果表明:冬季广州大气边界层气溶胶主要分布在1100m以下区域,气溶胶分布具有多层结构;大气边界层高度稳定分布在500~620m左右,边界层高度日变化不明显;冬季广州气溶胶源较为稳定并且变化慢;广州城区气溶胶浓度白天比晚上大,峰值出现11颐00~14颐00左右,谷值出现在20颐00左右。     

Characterisation of acute toxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress posed by textile effluent on zebrafish

Textile industries are important sources of toxic discharges and contribute enormously to water deterioration, while little attention has been paid to the toxicity of textile effluents in discharge regulation. Bioassays with zebrafish were employed to evaluate the toxicity of wastewater samples collected from different stages at a textile factory and sewage treatment plants (STPs). Physico-chemical parameters, acute toxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed. The wastewater samples from bleaching, rinsing and soaping of the textile factory exhibited high acute toxicity and genotoxicity. The coexisting components of dye compounds, as assistants and oxidants, seemed to cause some effect on the toxic response. After treatment employing the anoxic-oxic (A/O) process in STPs, the color and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were reduced by 40% and 84%, respectively, falling within the criteria of the Chinese Sewage Discharge Standard. In contrast, increases in acute toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the anaerobic tank, indicating the formation of toxic intermediates. The genotoxicity of the effluent of the STP was not significantly different from that of the influent, suggesting the wastewater treatment processes were not effective in removing the genotoxicity of the dye wastewater. Results indicated that the effluent contains pro-oxidants since the activities of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) were all elevated. In addition, decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities observed can be interpreted as a cytotoxicity sign due to an over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of the present study suggest that the STPs were not capable of reducing the toxicity of wastewater sufficiently. Further treatment is needed to remove the potential risks posed by textile effluent to ecosystems and human health, and employing a toxicity index is necessary for discharge regulation.     

纳米Fe_3O_4的制备及其强化聚铁絮凝性能的研究

在对聚合硫酸铁(PFS)絮凝性能研究的基础上,采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米Fe3O4,并对纳米Fe3O4强化聚合硫酸铁絮凝性能进行了研究。结果表明:纳米Fe3O4可以强化聚合硫酸铁的絮凝效果并有助于加速矾花沉降,处理制衣厂水洗废水脱色率、COD去除率、絮体沉降速度明显优于PFS、PAC、FeSO4等传统的絮凝剂。脱色率、COD去除率达到95.3%、80.4%。     

Topsoil dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations and sources along an urban-rural gradient in the Yellow River Delta

The Yellow River Delta (YRD) is a typical agricultural and petrochemical industrial area of China. To assess the current status of soil dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) residues, topsoil samples (0-15 cm) (n = 82) were collected in Bincheng District, at the geographic center of the YRD. The total concentrations of six DDT homologues were within 3.3-3819 μg/kg, with a mean concentration of 191 μg/kg, showing significant increase along urban-rural gradient. Soil concentrations of seven indicator PCBs in the area ranged from non-detectable to 87.0 μg/kg, dominated by heavily chlorinated PCBs (PCB-101 and -118). Soil PCBs concentrations were significantly greater in urban than suburban and rural areas. Principal component and multiple linear regression analysis suggest that 86.4% of soil DDTs originate from past DDT usage, and 13.6% originate from dicofol application. Soil PCBs most likely originate from the petrochemical industry (77.1%), municipal solid waste disposal (16.5%), local commercial PCB homologues usage (5.2%), and long-range atmospheric deposition (1.2%). In general, soil DDTs pollution was classified as low level, and mean PCBs concentrations were below the severe contamination classification range. Because PCB-118 is a dioxin-like congener, monitoring and remediation is advised to assess and reduce negative environmental and human health effects from soil DDTs and dioxin-like congeners in the study area.     

输油站队危害控制管理探讨

针对油气管道企业的实际生产运营特点,对风险管理的基本思路进行了探讨,就目前国内外常用危害因素的识别评判方法进行了归纳分析,给出了适合输油站队的风险控制的管理方法和措施。