含油污泥燃料化处理剂研制及其作用机理研究

含油污泥主要有清罐油泥(罐底泥)、隔油池底泥、污水处理厂浮渣以及剩余活性污泥等几类.含油污泥含有油、苯系物、酚类、蒽、芘等具有恶臭味和毒性的物质,是国家明文规定的危险废弃物.另一方面,含油污泥中富含大量烃类,潜在能量大,热值高,平均热值达5 000kcal/kg以上.经大量室内实验,开发了一种新型含油污泥燃料化处理剂,...     

高声能密度超声波破碎污泥细胞效能的研究

采用超声波在较高声能密度下处理SBR的剩余污泥,主要考察了含固率、声能密度和作用时间对污泥细胞破碎效果的影响。结果表明,在声能密度0.5～3 W/mL内,含固率1%～1.5%的剩余污泥经超声波作用后,上清液SCOD随作用时间呈线性升高;在声能密度1～3 W/mL内,含固率0.25%～0.5%的剩余污泥经超声波作用后,上清液SCOD随作用时间呈平缓缓慢升高。高声能密度超声波更适合对较高含固率污泥的细胞破碎;此情况下,上清液SCOD增幅、NH4＋-N、TN及TP升幅均与声能密度正相关。经超声波作用6 min后,污泥形态结构已破坏。     

草甘膦母液膜分离的电渗析预处理

研究了用电渗析法去除草甘膦母液中影响膜通量的亚磷酸根,主要考察了pH值、工作电压、反应时间和温度等因素对亚磷酸根去除率的影响,并对电渗析预处理后母液纳滤膜分离的膜通量进行实验验证。实验表明：淡化液、浓缩液流量为30 L/h,pH值约为8.1,工作电压为20 V,反应时间为2 h左右,温度〈30℃时,电渗析对母液中亚磷酸...     

复极性三维电极法处理硝基苯废水的实验研究

以铁板为阴极,石墨为阳极,吸附饱和的活性炭粒子为填充材料,研究了复极性三维电极法处理硝基苯废水时各因素对处理效率的影响。通过单因素实验确定了复极性三维电极法处理硝基苯废水的最佳操作条件为：电解电压20V,反应时间60min,活性炭填充量25g／L,电极板间距4cm,废水初始pH值6～7,电解质的投加量0．8g／L。此条件下废水的硝基苯去除率达到80％以上,COD去除率达到50％以上,显示出良好的处理效果。     

UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌的影响因素研究

在UASB反应器中接种实验室已经驯化好的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,对其进行厌氧氨氧化菌活性提高和影响因素的实验研究。研究表明厌氧氨氧化菌对NH4＋-N和N02--N的适宜浓度负荷均为200mg／L,适宜水力停留时间HRT、温度、pH和进水基质比（N02--N／NH4＋-N）分别为2h、30～35℃、7．5～8．5和0．95～1．2,NH4＋-N、NO2--N和TN的平均去除率分别为97．1％、98．3％和92．7％。     

Effect of aeration modes on the characteristics of composting emissions and the NH3 removal efficiency by using biotrickling filter

A pilot biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with ZX02 fibrous balls as packing material was tested for the treatment of ammonia (NH₃) released from a composting plant of dairy manure. In order to investigate the effects of three compost aeration modes (mode Co-I, Co-II and In-II) on the NH₃ removal efficiency, a field experiment was continuously carried out for more than eight months. The results demonstrated that under the intermittent aeration mode (In-II), the NH₃ removal efficiency reached 99.2 ± 0.1% when the inlet NH₃ concentration was 7.5-32.3 mg m⁻³ (9.8-42.5 ppmv). The maximum and critical elimination capacity of the biotrickling filter was 22.6 and 4.9 g NH₃ m⁻³ h⁻¹, respectively. The effluent concentration of NH₃ was lower than 1.0 mg m⁻³, which meets the first class discharge standards of GB14554-93. When the concentration of free ammonia in the trickling liquid was varied from 0.1 to 0.4 mg L⁻¹, the nitrification yield was between 47.9% and 103.8%. In addition, the optimum liquid tricking velocity (LTV) of the biotrickling filter was 0.5 m³ m⁻² h⁻¹ for low inlet concentrations and 2.2 m³ m⁻² h⁻¹ for high inlet concentrations. Therefore, the use of the biotrickling filter for the compost under the third aeration mode (In-II) yielded an effective optimum NH₃ removal and reduced the nitrogen loss in the compost.     

The kinetic stability of colloid-associated plutonium: settling characteristics and species transformation

The colloid-associated plutonium-239, as the dominant species of Pu in natural environment, was formed through sorption of Pu onto in situ colloids. In case of chemical perturbations present in pore water, the fate and transport of Pu would be therefore impacted by changes in sorption affinity of Pu for the colloid surfaces. The present study reveals that colloidal ²³⁹Pu exhibited the kinetic stability in two respects. First, in situ colloids isolated from the vadose zone sediments at Lop Nor, when in contact with solutions of high ion concentrations or low pH, were significantly aggregated and then exhibited fast settling. Kinetics settling characteristics were described by the parameters, including settling index and characteristic time. Second, Pu dissociation from colloid surfaces occurred immediately after the introduction of Na⁺. However, the dissolved species was still unstable and had the potential for re-association with the fraction of colloids that had not settled out from the suspensions due to small size and then remained in suspension. This implies that Pu sorption sites on initial colloids were changed to the sites of suspended colloids.     

负载TiO2的活性炭纤维改性电极电吸附除氟

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2凝胶,将TiO2凝胶涂覆在活性炭纤维表面并进行热处理制备改性电极(TiO2/ACF),利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射光谱仪(XRD)、比表面和孔隙度分析仪对负载前后电极的表面特性进行表征,并探讨了其对NaF溶液的电吸附效果。结果表明,电极负载TiO2后表面变得粗糙,比表面积和总孔体积减小,而介孔体积和平均孔径增大。此外,表面的TiO2同时以金红石和锐钛矿的晶型存在。电吸附实验结果显示,加电可以提高吸附容量,而且电压、pH和初始氟离子浓度均对电吸附容量产生影响:电压增大,吸附容量增加,当施加电压为2 V时,电吸附容量为1.03 mg/g,比开路电位时提高40%;pH可以通过影响氟离子在溶液中的存在形态和TiO2/ACF电极表面的羟基基团对电吸附容量产生影响;初始氟离子浓度升高,电极吸附容量增大,但是去除率降低。在处理初始氟离子浓度为4 mg/L的NaF溶液时,在2 V电压、中性pH和12 h的吸附时间下,改性ACF为电极的吸附量为1.32 mg/g。     

钾掺杂对铈锆固溶体催化性能的影响

为研究钾掺杂对铈锆固溶体催化性能的影响,以Ce0.7Zr0.3O2为基体制备了一系列钾掺杂的铈锆固溶体xK-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(x=0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30)催化剂样品,通过程序升温氧化(TPO)过程进行活性评价,并通过XRD、BET、H2-TPR和O2-TPD进行分析表征。结果表明,采用溶胶凝胶法制备的催化剂的催化性能比络合燃烧法所制备的稍好;当钾的掺杂量为0.10≤x≤0.30时,xK-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化碳烟颗粒燃烧的活性得到提高,起燃温度和最大燃烧速率温度分别在315℃和375℃附近,明显优于Ce0.7Zr0.3O2;掺杂钾后的催化剂样品均能形成萤石结构,并且随钾掺杂量的增大比表面积减小。     

磁性介孔锰铁复合氧化物对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

以复合金属草酸盐为前驱体制备了纳米晶构筑的介孔锰铁氧化物材料,采用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和固体比表面测定仪等对产物进行了表征.并研究了其对水体Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,考察了pH及离子强度对吸附容量的影响、吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及碱液对Cr(Ⅵ)的洗脱率。结果表明,获得的锰铁氧化物为纳米晶构筑的介孔材料,比表面达277.4 m2/g,对Cr(Ⅵ)在酸性条件下有较强的吸附性能。在初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度为100 mg/L,pH值在2时,10 min内能使溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达96.8%,最大Cr(Ⅵ)吸附容量Qm为40 mg/g。