关于小城镇产业发展问题的思考

小城镇建设与产业发展关系密切。研究小城镇必须研究小城镇的产业发展问题。本文分析了我国小城镇产业发展的现状，指出了小城镇产业发展存在的问题，并提出了小城镇产业发展的原则和对策。     

典型热带海滨城市臭氧污染特征与成因分析

为深入探究典型热带海滨城市环境空气臭氧(O₃)污染特征与成因,于2019年6～10月在海南省海口市城区站点开展O₃及其前体物观测实验,较为全面地分析了O₃污染特征,基于观测的模型(OBM)识别了O₃生成控制区,分析了O₃前体物敏感性,并开展了O₃前体物减排效果评估.结果表明：(1)海口市O₃污染主要出现在9月和10月,观测期间O₃日最大8h滑动平均值范围为39～190μg·m^-3,O₃日变化呈单峰型,于14:00左右达到峰值.(2)海口市超标日NO_x和VOCs浓度高于达标日,前体物浓度的升高是导致O₃污染的内在因素,同时O₃污染受区域传输影响,污染物主要来自于海口市东北部地区.(3)海口市O₃生成处于VOCs和NO_x协同控制区.9～10月O₃     

溶解氧对HLB-MR反应器内有机物的生物絮凝影响

为了研究溶解氧（DO）对高负荷生物絮凝-膜反应器（HLB-MR）内有机物生物絮凝规律的影响,采用平行对比实验,考察了不同DO条件下反应器内有机物的生物絮凝效果、胞外聚合物（EPS）含量、金属阳离子浓度和微生物群落结构.结果表明：DO浓度分别为1~2mg/L和6~8mg/L时,HLB-MR反应器的絮凝效率分别为83%和89%,两反应器内上清液的浊度差别也进一步证实,较高的DO浓度下,反应器的生物絮凝效果更好.DO浓度在6~8mg/L时,HLB-MR反应器内结合态EPS和自由态EPS的含量分别为15.64mg/（g·VSS）和8.71mg/L,两者均显著高于DO为1~2mg/L时的11.83mg/（g·VSS）和6.56mg/L,反应器浓缩液中镁和铝的浓度也均明显高于低DO浓度时所对应的值,这说明在高DO条件下,有更多的EPS与金属阳离子结合而固定在污泥基质中,促进了生物絮凝.高通量测序表明,DO浓度分别为1~2mg/L和6~8mg/L时,HLB-MR反应器内细菌的群落结构差异明显,高DO浓度反应器底泥中Actinobacteria和Saccharibacteria的相对丰度较高,可能对生物絮凝有促进作用.     

Hydrological Variability and Uncertainty of Lower Missouri River Basin Under Changing Climate

The lower Missouri River Basin has experienced increasing streamflow and flooding events, with higher risk of extreme hydrologic impacts under changing climate. The newly available North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) climate projections were used as atmospheric forcing for Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model which runs with varying potential evapotranspiration (PET) methods to assess the hydrological change and uncertainty of 2040‐2069 over 1968‐1997. The NARCCAP temperature and precipitation predictions were refined using a bias correction method. The results show that, following the seasonal variability of precipitation, various water fluxes would increase in most seasons except the summer. Expected precipitation tends to increase in intensity with little change in frequency, triggering faster surface water concentration to form floods. The greatest streamflow increase would occur from November to February, increasing by around 10% on average. An increase of 3% occurs in the other months except for July and August in which river discharge decreases by around 2%. The climate predictions contribute more uncertainty annually, but PET algorithms gain more influence in winter or when other weather factors such as wind play a relatively more important role on evapotranspiration flux. This study predicts an even wetter environment compared to the historically very wet period, with the possibility of more flooding.     

Exploring the impact of rural labor transfer on the production and ecological sustainability of crop planting structure in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the improvement of industrialization, numerous rural laborers migrate to urban areas in search of off‐farm jobs. Farmers change...     

Regional landscape futures to moderate projected climate change: a case study in the agro-pastoral transitional zone of North China

Regional Environmental Change - Pacific Island Countries, despite significant variation in levels of exposure and internal adaptive capacities, are often portrayed homogenously as the world’s...     

Municipal solid waste,an overlooked route of transmission for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Municipal solid waste could potentially transmit human pathogens during the collection, transport, handling, and disposal of waste. Workers and residents living in...     

电子垃圾拆解地翠鸟对多氯联苯的累积及风险评估

粗犷的电子垃圾拆解活动已造成当地野生生物多氯联苯(PCBs)严重污染,但PCBs在野生鸟类中的生物累积特征及潜在的毒害作用研究较少。本研究采集了广东省某电子垃圾拆解地翠鸟(Alcedo atthis)及其食物(各种小型鱼类)样品,研究翠鸟对PCBs的累积特征、生物放大效应及毒性风险。翠鸟肌肉中PCBs中值含量为220μg·g~(-1)脂重,比其他报道值高1~3个数量级。计算的生物放大因子(BMF)显示,大部分PCB单体的BMF值都大于1,表明翠鸟对PCBs具有生物放大效应。计算的共面PCBs毒性当量(TEQs)范围为39~23 600 pg·g~(-1)湿重,已经达到或超过了影响某些鸟类生殖或发育障碍的报道值。上述结果表明,电子垃圾拆卸活动已经造成了当地翠鸟PCBs严重污染,PCBs污染物对电子垃圾拆解地翠鸟及其他野生生物的毒性效应尚需进一步研究。     

混凝-反渗透工艺处理某矿井废水的应用

介绍了一套混凝-反渗透工艺处理矿井废水的工艺,并对其原理及特点进行分析。该项目日处理量3 000t。通过对系统的调试和运行效果的研究找出了实际运行过程中的要点、需重点控制的参数和需改进的因素,并对设备的维护和使用提出合理的建议。实践证明,该工艺出水达到生活饮用水卫生标准。     

Bioremediation of highly contaminated oilfield soil: Bioaugmentation for enhancing aromatic compounds removal

This study evaluated the effectiveness of different amendments--including a commercial NPK fertilizer, a humic substance （HS）, an organic industrial waste （NovoGro）, and a yeast-bacteria consortium--in the remediation of highly contaminated （up to 6% of total petroleum hydrocarbons） oilfield soils. The concentrations of hydrocarbon, soil toxicity, physicochemical properties of the soil, microbial population numbers, enzyme activities and microbial community structures were examined during the 90-d incubation. The results showed that the greatest degradation of total petroleum hydro- carbons （TPH） was observed with the biostimulation using mixture of NPK, HS and NovoGro, a treatment scheme that enhanced both dehydrogenase and lipase activities in soil. Introduction of exogenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria （in addition to biostimulation with NPK, HS and NovoGro） had negligible effect on the removal of TPH, which was likely due to the competition between exogenous and autochthonous microorganisms. None- theless, the addition of exogenous yeast-bacteria consor- tium significantly enhanced the removal of the aromatic fraction of the petroleum hydrocarbons, thus detoxifying the soil. The effect of bioaugmentation on the removal of more recalcitrant petroleum hydrocarbon fraction was likely due to the synergistic effect of bacteria and fungi.