Form and nature of precopulatory sexual selection in both sexes of a moth

Sexual selection is a process that operates through intrasexual competition and intersexual choice for reproduction in both sexes. Here, we report our work on a polygamous moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), aiming to infer the form and nature of precopulatory sexual selection in males and females. We show that, although a number of traits measured in each sex are correlated with mating success, the primary selection trait in females appears to be abdominal thickness and that in males is aedeagus length. As the female’s abdominal thickness is a reliable signal about the number and developmental stage of eggs, males who select females with thicker abdomens for mating will gain reproductive benefit, i.e., fertilizing more mature eggs. For females, earlier maturation of their eggs makes the females more likely to achieve mating earlier in an uncertain world where there is no guarantee that they will find more males in the future. Sexual selection appears to be the important force behind the evolution of fast egg maturation in females. We show that, under a male-biased sex ratio, more than 20% of mating fails within a few minutes after the aedeagus has penetrated into the female’s genitalia, suggesting that females can assess the features of the male aedeagus before allowing insemination to occur. Dissection and examination of both sexes suggest that a longer aedeagus enhances mating and fertilization efficiency in this species, supporting the notion that sexual selection is a primary force in the evolution of genital variance.     

Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

南方高位池养殖生态环境影响及对策

文章综合理论分析和现场调查结果,分别从污染排放情况、对近岸海域水质、水生生物、地下水、土壤、景观和海防林的影响等几方面阐述高位池养殖对生态环境的影响,结合产业特点,提出了高位池养殖科学发展和环境保护的合理对策。     

晋开化工清洁发展机制的探索与实践

全球气候变化以及温室气体减排,既属于环境问题,同时又是一个重大的经济问题。清洁发展机制是《京都议定书》中规定的发达国家与发展中国家之间的温室气体减排合作方式,其核心是允许发达国家通过与发展中国家进行项目级的合作,获得由项目产生的核证的温室气体减排量。晋开化工通过引进日本三菱公司先进的环境技术和节能技术,对硝酸装置进行N2O的减排治理,实现了清洁发展机制,不仅达到减少温室气体的排放、降低硝酸生产成本,为企业创造可观的经济效益,也为世界环境保护做出了贡献。     

Efficient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

威海市土地利用规划对生态环境的影响

新一轮土地利用总体规划修编（2006年-2020年）要求深入分析资源供给、环境容量等限制因素,研究土地利用方式、空间布局对生态环境的影响,提出环境友好型土地利用模式;研究提出有利于环境保护和生态建设的土地利用调控指标和空间管制措施。本文在分析了威海市土地利用现状特点、生态环境状况的基础上,分析了威海市土地利用环境承载力,探讨土地利用规划对生态环境的影响,对合理调整土地利用结构和布局,科学地安排土地利用规划有着十分重要的意义。     

太湖地区太阳辐射与水温的变化特征及其对叶绿素a的影响

基于中国科学院太湖湖泊生态系统研究站1993年以来的常规监测资料,利用比较与数理统计相关分析方法对太湖地区的太阳辐射和水温变化特征及其对水体叶绿索a浓度的影响进行分析.结果显示,太湖地区太阳总辐射、光合有效辐射、光合有效辐射占总辐射的比例及水温总体上都呈上升的趋势.其中,光合有效辐射的增长速率大于总辐射的增长速率,年际水温增长率春季秋季>夏季.太阳辐射及水温的年内变化呈夏季大,春秋季次之,冬季最小的特征.此外,太阳辐射和水温与叶绿素a呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),太阳辐射特别是光合有效辐射和水温的增加为藻类的大量生长和水华暴发提供了良好的物理条件,太湖蓝藻水华初始暴发时间有逐年前移的趋势且水华持续时间逐年增加.     

在城市住宅小区建设项目环评实践中的几点体会

根据城市住宅小区建设项目环境影响评价实践体会,阐述应用模式预测施工期环境影响的难点和类比法的发展目标;时几点小区开发项目环评中存在的问题进行探讨,提出减轻不利影响的对策,强调了对策的提出必须具有针对性。     

大连近岸海域经济贝类麻痹性贝毒分析

对2007年1月至2008年10月间大连地区近岸海域经济贝类的麻痹性贝毒采用小鼠生物法检测,结果表明:2007年4月至9月及2008年2月至8月贝类中的麻痹性贝毒超标情况较多,超标率较高的地点是长海财神岛、庄河黑岛.在染毒的贝类种类中,主要以虾夷扇贝为主,在杂色蛤和牡蛎中未检出麻痹性贝毒.通过ELISA的方法研究了虾夷...     

太湖、巢湖水体CDOM吸收特性和组成的异同

2009年4、6月,分别对太湖、巢湖进行了野外试验.利用光谱微分技术分析了2个湖泊CDOM吸收光谱的变化特征,根据吸收系数的光谱微分特征,对240～450nm的吸收系数进行分段,分别对每一段计算光谱斜率S值.在A段,巢湖、太湖CDOM的S值分别在:0.0166～0.0102nm-1[平均值(0.0132±0.0017)nm-1]和0.029～0.017nm-1[平均值(0.0214±0.0024)nm-1]之间,在B段,其S值分别在:0.0187～0.0148nm-1[平均值(0.0169±0.001)nm-1]和0.0179～0.0055nm-1[平均值(0.0148±0.002)nm-1]之间,在C段,其S值分别在:0.0208～0.0164nm-1[平均值(0.0186±0.0009)nm-1]和0.0253～0.0161nm-1[平均值(0.0197±0.002)nm-1]之间.结果表明:①太湖水体的吸收系数及对各组分吸收的贡献要小于巢湖水体的,标准化吸收系数要大于巢湖水体的.②不管是太湖还是巢湖,CDOM的吸收系数的微分光谱在260nm左右为谷值,在290nm左右为峰值,CDOM吸收系数可以分成(A、B、C)3段.③太湖水体中CDOM腐殖酸的相对含量整体要低于巢湖水体的.④S值反映CDOM组成的敏感性,与CDOM的组成有关,当CDOM中腐殖酸相对含量较高时,敏感性最强的是B段的S值,其次是C段的;反之,敏感性最高的是C段的,其次是A段的,最弱的是B段的.