土壤干旱胁迫对Larrea tridentata叶片矿质营养元素含量的影响

研究了土壤干旱胁迫对Larrea tridentata叶片10种营养元素含量的影响.结果表明:N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量在土壤干旱胁迫下的变化趋势基本相同,都是在轻度水分胁迫时略有下降,随着土壤水分胁迫的加重,含量逐渐增加,只有P含量在重度水分胁迫(土壤水势为-2.415 MPa)时有所下降;在土壤水势超过了萎蔫系数后,L.tridentata的各大量营养元素含量仍能维持在较高水平有助于增强其抗旱性;L.tridentata叶片微量元素(Fe、B、Mn、Cu、Mo)含量对土壤干旱胁迫的反映不敏感,各微量营养元素的含量在土壤干旱胁迫时与正常土壤水分状态时没有显著差异;总的来讲,在土壤水分胁迫状况下,L.tridentata能通过对自身营养元素调节的方式来提高自身的抗旱性,表现出较强的抗旱性.     

土壤理化条件变化对含硫气体释放的影响

研究在不同的室内培养条件下,土壤的各种物理化学条件对含硫气体释放的影响．结果表明,土壤在含水率为50%～75%,ｐＨ＝3.25～8.67,较大的Ｃ:Ｎ 条件下,各含硫气体的释放量较大．而光照条件对于不同的硫源释放含硫气体的情况各有不同．环境条件通过改变微生物的活动改变了各硫源的生化分解的产硫量     

Occurrence and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in an ecological wastewater treatment plant in South China and effluent impact to the receiving river

Ecological wastewater treatment plant (EWWTP), a kind of emerging wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in recent years, combined microbiology with botany which is efficient for the removal of nitrogen and organic matter, as well as deodorization. The occurrence and removal of micro-organic pollutants in EWWTPs were still not well known. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their typical derivatives (SPAHs) including the oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), and methyl PAHs (MPAHs) were investigated in an EWWTP in Guangdong Province, China. The concentrations of the Σ6 OPAHs (114–384 ng/L) were higher than the Σ16 PAHs (92–250 ng/L), and much higher than the Σ4 MPAHs (13–64 ng/L) and Σ9 ClPAHs (2–3 ng/L) in the EWWTP and the effluent receiving river. The total removal efficiencies of the PAHs, OPAHs, MPAHs, and ClPAHs in the EWWTP (43?±?14%, 41?±?7%, 55?±?16%, and 18?±?4%) were lower than the traditional WWTPs, probably due to the lower concentration of the sludge in the ecological treatment. The advanced treatment process (microfiltration and UV disinfection treatment) contributed much less (0–20%) to the whole removal efficiency than the ecological treatment (80–100%). The effluent from the EWWTP slightly reduced the PAHs and SPAHs concentrations in the receiving river. The high concentrations of the PAHs and SPAHs in the receiving river were similar to the influent of the EWWTP, indicating that some untreated wastewater was directly discharged to the river, especially in the upstream.

     

响应面法分析优化牛粪厌氧发酵工艺参数

选取总固体浓度(TS)、碳氮比(C/N)和发酵时间(T)等3个发酵工艺参数,以沼气产率、甲烷含量和COD去除率作为发酵过程响应指标,运用响应面法(RSM)优化牛粪厌氧发酵工艺条件。结果表明,根据实验数据建立的3个二次多项式数学模型都具有高度耦合性(0.01),并且回归系数(R2)均大于0.9,说明预测值与实验值之间具有很好的拟合度。根据二次多项式方程运用响应面法单独优化沼气产率、甲烷含量和COD去除率的最优条件分别为TS=6.18%,C/N=25.51,T=34.12 d;TS=6.97%,C/N=25.81,T=36.45 d;TS=4.51%,C/N=24.86,T=36.08 d。结果发现,提高沼气产率和甲烷含量与提高COD去除率的最优TS和C/N值是相反的,进一步采用Design-Expert软件寻找出三者共同的优化条件,结果为TS=6.49%,C/N=25.36和T=35.37 d。该条件下沼气产率为230.62 mL/g VS,甲烷含量为70.50%以及COD去除率为57.51%。     

火山石生物滤床对微囊藻毒素的去除

微囊藻水华爆发导致大量微囊藻毒素释放至地表水环境中,严重威胁着饮用水供水安全.通过不同条件火山石自然曝气生物滤床(活性挂膜、灭活挂膜、未挂膜和无填料滤床)对不同形态、构型(MC-LR、MC-RR)的微囊藻毒素的去除实验,探讨其去除效率、途径和机理.结果表明,火山石自然曝气生物滤床对微囊藻毒素的去除是微生物降解和基质吸附共同作用的结果.胞外毒素和胞内毒素的总去除率分别为58％和91％.其中,胞外毒素主要通过微生物降解作用途径去除,占胞外毒素总去除率的(41±4.2)％,胞内毒素则主要通过基质吸附途径去除,占胞内毒素总去除率的(64±5.1)％.生物膜吸附、光降解等其他途径无明显作用.另外,不同构型的微囊藻毒素在火山石自然曝气生物滤床中均能有效去除,MC-LR和MC-RR的去除率分别为68％和54％.     

微波联合酸预处理对厨余垃圾酶水解糖化的影响

酶水解糖化是厨余垃圾制造燃料乙醇的关键步骤,对厨余垃圾进行预处理以促进糖化过程,具有重要意义.以学生食堂厨余垃圾为原料,以常规、微波为加热手段,比较不同预处理方式对厨余垃圾酶水解的影响.结果表明,微波加热结合酸性溶剂的预处理方式最有利于厨余垃圾酶水解糖化.考察微波联合酸预处理的影响因素,得到最佳的预处理条件为:溶剂为H2SO4、溶剂浓度3％、微波功率80 W,预处理时间40 min,固液比1∶8,该条件预处理后,与未经预处理的厨余垃圾酶水解糖产量相比,提高46.1％.     

Interaction of diuron to human serum albumin: Insights from spectroscopic and molecular docking studies

This investigation was undertaken to determine the interaction of diuron with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by monitoring the spectral behavior of diuron-HSA system. The fluorescence of HSA at 340 nm excited at 230 nm was obviously quenched by diuron due to dynamic collision and the quenching constant was of the order of 10⁴ L mol^?1 at 310 K. However, no fluorescence quenching was observed when excited at 280 nm. Thermodynamic investigations revealed that the combination between diuron and HSA was entropy driven by predominantly hydrophobic interactions. The binding of diuron induced the drastic reduction in α-helix conformation and the significant enhancement in β-turn conformation of HSA. In addition, both sites marker competition study and molecular modeling simulation evidenced the binding of diuron to HSA primarily took place in subdomain IIIA (Sudlow's site II).     

土壤外源Sb(Ⅲ)的老化对其形态和跳虫(Folsomia candida)毒性的影响

老化是影响土壤重金属生物可利用性和毒性的重要因素。为了解老化对土壤Sb形态和毒性的影响,结合化学分析和生物测试,以模式生物跳虫(Folsomia candida)为受试生物,研究了北京潮土中外源Sb(Ⅲ)分别老化7 d、60 d后价态、水溶态和急性/慢性毒性的变化。结果表明,老化仅7 d后,土壤较低浓度的Sb主要以Sb(Ⅴ)存在,而浓度较高(1 600、2 400、4 800 mg·kg-1)时Sb(Ⅴ)分别仅占47.4%、27.5%和2.2%,但老化长达60 d后,浓度最高(4 800 mg·kg-1)的土壤中Sb(Ⅴ)的比重上升到38.1%,其他浓度处理的土壤中,均以Sb(Ⅴ)为主。随着老化时间的延长,土壤中水溶态Sb含量占总Sb的比例显著降低。与土壤老化过程中毒性较大的Sb(Ⅲ)向毒性较小的Sb(Ⅴ)转化与水溶态Sb含量下降相一致,Sb对跳虫的毒性随老化时间的延长明显减弱:7 d老化后土壤Sb对跳虫急性存活的半数致死浓度(LC50)为2 105 mg·kg-1,对跳虫慢性存活的LC50为683 mg·kg-1,对跳虫繁殖的半数效应浓度(EC50)为307 mg·kg-1;老化60 d后土壤Sb对跳虫急性存活、慢性存活的LC50均大于设置的最高浓度,对跳虫繁殖的EC50为1 419 mg·kg-1。因此,对于Sb这种变价金属而言,当进行土壤Sb生态毒性评价时,为避免高估其生态风险,考虑老化作用显得尤为重要。     

Removal of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anabaena spiroides</Emphasis> by potassium permanganate pre-oxidation: effect on photosynthetic capacity and molecular weight distribution

Bench scale tests were conducted to investigate the effect of potassium permanganate pre-oxidation on the photosynthetic activity and molecular weight distribution of Anabaena spiroides. Different concentrations of potassium permanganate were added into the suspension of Anabaena spiroides, one of the dominant algae in water bloom, and after pre-oxidation of permanganate for 1 h, the results show that the removal rate significantly increases by 33.99~36.35% compared to direct coagulation. Then, the algal characteristics, including photosynthetic ability, the changes in extracellular organic matter three-dimensional fluorescence, and the distribution of molecular weight were conducted and the results show that along with increasing concentration of potassium permanganate, the photosynthetic ability of algae decreases, more extracellular organic matter is secreted, and large molecular weight matter (humic-like and fulvic-like substances) are generated. Therefore, this study demonstrates that potassium permanganate could be used in addressing the algae-rich water.