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741.
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743.
为探讨生活垃圾和玉米秆共热解过程中的协同关系和产物分布,采用热重分析仪对生活垃圾、玉米秆及其混合物进行了热解实验研究,并进行动力学计算。结果表明,混合热解可分为脱水、热解、炭化、焦催化气化4个阶段,前3个阶段与单独热解过程类似,第4个阶段与单独热解相比失重明显增加,表明混合热解过程中存在协同效应;混合物热解的实际活化能为28.492 k J/mol,低于单独热解及其混合物热解理论活化能,可见混合热解利于热解反应进行。为明晰混合热解对热解反应的促进作用,利用固定床热解实验,研究了混合比例对产物产率和热解气各组分产率的影响。结果表明,在不同混合比例下,固液实际产率低于理论值,而气体实际产率则比理论值高;混合物料热解气中H2、CH4、CO2产量均高于其理论值,而CO产量却相反,低于其理论值。 相似文献
744.
Conflict between conservation and community livelihood is a significant issue in China.Based on Sustainable Livelihood Framework(SLA),this study systematically analyzed livelihoods assets of a community in a Yunnan snub-nosed monkey conservation area and found that the livelihood pentagon of the community was shaped by multiple but frail and unstable income sources,abundant natural resources with restricted use right,underutilized labors,inadequate financial resources,inconvenient physical capital and weak social capital.Villagers'income heavily depended on forest,and grazing and nontimber forest products(NTFP)collection are common and major income sources for villagers.However,differentiation of income dependence on forest among villagers'groups showed that there is no close correlation between the level of income and the level of income dependence on forest.Households'daily life also heavily depended on the forest due to heating and pig-feed cooking;hence,fuelwood cannot be easily replaced by any other energy resource for a long period. 相似文献
745.
746.
William S. Linn Henry Gong Jr. Kenneth W. Clark Karen R. Anderson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):108-115
ABSTRACT We measured particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) exposures, home temperature, arterial blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and lung function in 30 volunteer Los Angeles area residents during four-day intervals. Continuous Holter electrocardiograms were recorded in a subgroup on the first two days. Subjects recorded symptoms and time-activity patterns in diaries during monitoring, and during a reference period one week earlier/later. All subjects had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PM10 (24-hr mean) at monitoring stations near subjects’ homes averaged 33 μg/m3, and ranged from 9 to 84 μpg/m3. In longitudinal analyses, day-to-day changes in PM2.5 and PM10 outside subjects’ homes significantly tracked concurrent station PM10 (r2 = 0.22 and 0.44, respectively). Indoor and personal concentrations were less related to station readings (r2 ≤ 0.1), but tracked each other (r2 ≥ 0.4). In-home temperatures tracked outdoor temperatures more for lows (r2 = 0.27) than for highs (r2 = 0.10). These longitudinal relationships of subject-oriented and station PM measurements were generally similar to cross-sectional relationships observed previously in similar subjects. Among health measurements, only blood pressure showed reasonably consistent unfavorable longitudinal associations with particulates, more with station or outdoor PM than with indoor or personal PM. 相似文献
747.
采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),在连续曝气全程好氧的运行条件下,考察不同溶解氧浓度对同步硝化反硝化脱氮性能及N2O产量的影响。控制溶解氧浓度恒定在1、2、2.5和3 mg/L。结果表明,DO为2 mg/L和2.5 mg/L时,氨氮去除率分别为97.9%和98.5%,同步硝化反硝化率均为99%。DO为2 mg/L时,系统中N2O产生量最低,为0.423 mg/L,占氨氮去除量的1.4%;DO为3 mg/L时N2O的产生量最高,为2.01 mg/L,是DO为2 mg/L时的4.75倍。系统中亚硝酸盐的存在可能是高溶解氧条件下N2O产量增加的主要原因,同步过程中没有NOx-的积累即稳定的SND系统有利于降低生物脱氮过程中N2O的产生量。 相似文献
748.
钙型天然斜发沸石去除猪场废水中营养物的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以钙型天然斜发沸石为实验材料,研究反应时间、沸石投加量、pH值、有机物浓度等因素对去除实际猪场废水中氨氮、磷和COD效果的影响。研究表明,钙型天然斜发沸石对实际猪场废水的处理效果良好,在沸石投加量为250 g/L、pH值为8.0~9.0、反应时间为24 h的条件下,钙型天然斜发沸石对氨氮、磷和COD的去除率分别达到96%、97%和84%。pH值对钙型天然斜发沸石氨氮去除效果影响不大,但对磷和COD的去除效果影响较显著;当pH值由6.0升高至7.0时,磷的去除率由63%迅速升高至93%,pH值为8.0以上时,去除率接近95%;随pH值的升高,COD的去除率先升高后降低,在pH值为8.0时,去除率达到最大,为84%。废水COD浓度对氨氮去除率的影响基本可忽略,但对磷的去除有轻微的抑制作用。采用固定滤柱过滤时,水力负荷控制在375 mL/h以下,氨氮、磷和COD的去除效果较好。 相似文献
749.
Supercritical water oxidation of landfill leachate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wang S Guo Y Chen C Zhang J Gong Y Wang Y 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(9-10):2027-2035
In this paper, ammonia as an important ingredient in landfill leachate was mainly studied. Based on Peng-Robinson formulations and Gibbs free energy minimization method, the estimation of equilibrium composition and thermodynamic analysis for supercritical water oxidation of ammonia (SCWO) was made. As equilibrium is reached, ammonia could be totally oxidized in SCW. N(2) is the main product, and the formation of NO(2) and NO could be neglected. The investigation on SCWO of landfill leachate was conducted in a batch reactor at temperature of 380-500 °C, reaction time of 50-300s and pressure of 25 MPa. The effect of reaction parameters such as oxidant equivalent ratio, reaction time and temperature were investigated. The results showed that COD and NH(3) conversion improved as temperature, reaction time and oxygen excess increased. Compared to organics, NH(3) is a refractory compound in supercritical water. The conversion of COD and NH(3) were higher in the presence of MnO(2) than that without catalyst. The interaction between reaction temperature and time was analyzed by using response surface method (RSM) and the results showed that its influence on the NH(3) conversion was relatively insignificant in the case without catalyst. A global power-law rate expression was regressed from experimental data to estimate the reaction rate of NH(3). The activation energy with and without catalyst for NH(3) oxidation were 107.07 ± 8.57 kJ/mol and 83.22 ± 15.62 kJ/mol, respectively. 相似文献
750.