高盐矿区苦成水处理技术研究

针对新疆罗布泊钾盐矿区苦咸水高浊、高盐度和高硬度的水质特性,采用管道混凝＋多介质过滤＋精密过滤＋反渗透除盐的工艺进行处理。处理结果表明,该工艺对高浊、高盐度和高硬度苦咸水中的悬浮物、浊度和TDS均有良好的处理效果,矿区苦咸水经处理后TDS从8000mg／L降为30mg／L,二氧化硅增量小于20μg／L,处理后水质满足电厂发电机组补水要求,为严重缺水矿区高含盐劣质水利用提供了技术参考。     

小城镇污水处理方案的模糊相似优先比决策模型

根据小城镇污水处理方案影响因素具有不完全性和不确定性的特点,建立了小城镇污水处理方案的模糊相似优先比决策模型,在该模型中,定义了模糊相似比,构造了污水处理方案影响因素的模糊相似优先关系,利用层次分析法确定了各影响因素的权重,从整体上找出了与理想方案最为相似的处理方案。实例分析表明,该模型决策结果合理、使用方便具有实用价值,为污水处理方案的决策分析提供参考。     

生物法治理污水处理场恶臭废气技术探讨

介绍了生物法治理污水处理场恶臭废气的工艺流程、基本原理,分析了对恶臭废气中有机污染物的去除效果,提出了需改进的问题。     

高铁酸钾与O3对有机磷农药的去除效力对比及应用前景

本文介绍了臭氧/高铁酸钾技术降解有机磷农药的基本化学机理以及在国内外的研究现状,从五个方面对比了臭氧和高铁酸钾去除有机磷农药的的优劣性,分析了今后有机磷农药降解的研究方向。     

滇池水环境污染成因及治理策略分析

滇池水污染严重制约了昆明市居民生活质量的提高和和经济的可持续发展,准确把握引起滇池水体污染的原因是制定治污方案的关键。近年来,由于滇池地区人口的增长和经济的迅速发展,排入滇池的污染物和致营养化物质不断增加,加之人们对森林的过度砍伐,极度破坏了滇池生态环境的平衡,降低了生态环境净化能力,致使滇池水体污染进一步加重。因此,治理滇池水体污染,首先要控制污染源以减少污染物和致营养化物质的排放,加大污染物和致营养化物质排放前的处理工作;其次加大森林保护力度,退耕还林;增强生态环境自身净化能力也是滇池水体污染治理的好方法。     

压实坡积土的应力应变关系三维曲面初步研究

对两组不同含水量的压实坡积土样进行三轴CD试验,利用试验得到的ε1～q曲线以及体应变εv、剪应变εr、平均正应力p和广义剪应力q等数据,通过神经网络反演,并采用可视化处理技术,得到试样的部分应力应变关系三维曲面,为三维数值建模研究创造条件。     

森林凋落物研究现状及我国西南喀斯特地区研究展望

近几十年来,我国西南喀斯特地区生态环境退化严重,石漠化面积迅速扩大,林地覆盖率急剧下降,成为制约我国西部大开发生态建设中不可回避的重要科学问题,严重影响了西南地区社会、经济的可持续发展。喀斯特地区土层薄且侵蚀严重,土壤中的有机碳和营养盐主要来自地表枯枝落叶层的分解及累积。在气候变暖、陆地生态系统土壤温度升高、土壤有机碳急速流失和土壤质量退化的背景下,分析不同林下凋落物量和降解动态以及土壤有机碳库积累差异,揭示西南喀斯特地区不同林地凋落物归还量及其对土壤碳库积累的贡献具有极其重要的意义,将为喀斯特地区林地恢复重建和石漠化遏制工作提供科研依据。     

甘肃省农村环境安全现况分析

通过分析影响甘肃省农村环境安全的主要因素,提出了改善甘肃省农村环境安全状况的措施和建议。采用"压力-状态-响应"模型,构建了甘肃省农村环境安全评价指标体系。运用层次分析法及环境安全综合评价指数对2003-2008年甘肃省农村环境安全状况进行评价。评价结果显示甘肃省环境安全状态处于第Ⅱ级,属中警状态(风险状态)。趋势分析结果表明近几年甘肃省农村环境安全总体上呈现缓慢好转,但安全形势依然相当严峻。     

Advances in air pollution control for vessels in China

Vessel emissions have contributed a great deal to air quality deterioration in China. Hence,the Chinese government has promulgated a series of stringent emission regulations. It is in this context that vessel emission control technology research is in full swing. In particular,during the 13th Five-Year Plan, the air pollution control technology of vessels has greatly improved. Vessel emission control has followed two main governance routes: source emission reduction and aftertreatment technology...     

Role of the rhizosphere of a flooding-tolerant herb in promoting mercury methylation in water-level fluctuation zones

The water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) has been considered as a hotspot for mercury (Hg) methylation. Flooding-tolerant herbs are gradually acclimated to this water-land ecotone, tending to form substantial root systems for improving erosion resistance. Accompanying rhizosphere microzone plays crucial but unclear roles in methylmercury (MeHg) formation in the WLFZ. Thus, we conducted this study in the WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir, to explore effects of the rhizosphere of a dominant flooding-tolerant herb (bermudagrass) on MeHg production. The elevated Hg and MeHg in rhizosphere soils suggest that the rhizosphere environment provides favorable conditions for Hg accumulation and methylation. The increased bioavailable Hg and microbial activity in the rhizosphere probably serve as important factors driving MeHg formation in the presence of bermudagrass. Simultaneously, the rhizosphere environments changed the richness, diversity, and distribution of hgcA-containing microorganisms. Here, a typical iron-reducing bacterium (Geobacteraceae) has been screened, however, the majority of hgcA genes detected in rhizosphere, near-, and non-rhizosphere soils of the WLFZ were unclassified. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the elevated MeHg production as related to microbial processes in the rhizosphere of perennial herbs in the WLFZ, with general implications for Hg cycling in other ecosystems with water-level fluctuations.