双酚A对哺乳类实验动物雄性生殖系统发育的影响

内分泌干扰物双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)对生殖系统尤其是雄性生殖系统的影响一直受到关注,然而目前相关研究中存在诸多不一致的结果.本文系统分析了低剂量BPA对哺乳类实验动物大鼠和小鼠雄性生殖系统发育影响的文献,重点关注睾丸和附睾的质量、睾丸组织学结构、附属腺和外生殖器参数、肛殖距、精子参数和性激素水平等指标的变化,并探讨了实验结果与实验设计某些因素的相关性.经分析发现,妊娠期BPA暴露对实验鼠雄性生殖系统的影响呈现比较一致的阳性结果,但是哺乳期暴露和妊娠至哺乳期的暴露存在很多矛盾的结果;而动物品系、给药方式等因素与实验结果之间没有明确的关系,即便相似甚至相同的实验设计下也出现了不同的结果.进一步分析发现,有些研究在实验质量控制方面存在一定的缺陷,这可能是造成矛盾结果的主要原因.综合来看,BPA在器官水平和组织病理学水平对雄性生殖系统发育的影响较弱,基于此类指标的效应判断容易受到实验设计因素和质量控制的影响,最终可能导致不一致的结果.由此建议,今后相关研究在加强质量控制的同时,应重点关注BPA对细胞和分子层面的损伤.     

Acute associations between air pollution on premature rupture of membranes in Hefei,China

Numerous studies had focused on the association between air pollution and health outcomes in recent years. However, little evidence is available on associations between air pollutants and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Therefore, we performed time-series analysis to evaluate the association between PROM and air pollution. The daily average concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ were 54.58 μg/m³, 13.06 μg/m³ and 46.09 μg/m³, respectively, and daily maximum 8-h average O₃ concentration was 95.67 μg/m³. The strongest effects of SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ were found in lag4, lag06 and lag09, and an increase of 10 μg/m³ in SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ was corresponding to increase in incidence of PROM of 8.74% (95% CI 2.12–15.79%), 3.09% (95% CI 0.64–5.59%) and 1.68% (95% CI 0.28–3.09%), respectively. There were no significant effects of PM_2.5 on PROM. Season-specific analyses found that the effects of PM_2.5, SO₂ and O₃ on PROM were more obvious in cold season, but the statistically significant effect of NO₂ was observed in warm season. We also found the modifying effects by maternal age on PROM, and we found that the effects of SO₂ and NO₂ on PROM were higher among younger mothers (<?35 years) than advanced age mothers (≥?35 years); however,?≥?35 years group were more vulnerable to O₃ than?<?35 years group. This study indicates that air pollution exposure is an important risk factor for PROM and we wish this study could provide evidence to local government to take rigid approaches to control emissions of air pollutants.

     

Spatial distribution and risk assessment of soil heavy metal contamination along roadsides of the northwestern Sichuan Plateau,China北大核心CSCD

Traffic activities in roadways are the major source of heavy metal contamination on the northwestern Sichuan Plateau, China. To characterize the spatial pattern of heavy metal distribution, we collected soil samples and measured the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) from nine sites in Hongyuan County, Sichuan Province, including three transects that reflected typical gradients of traffic density. Each transect consisted of three levels of traffic density sites. We calculated single pollution index, Nemerow multi-factor index, and potential ecological risk index, to assess the ecological risk of the heavy metal contamination. Results showed that the soils were contaminated by Cd and Zn, with higher concentrations than that of the natural soil background values in all sampling sites. Moreover, Cd and Zn concentrations increased with increasing traffic density, suggesting that traffic activities were potentially responsible for the metal contaminations. The single pollution index indicated that the study sites were heavily contaminated by Cd and slightly polluted by Ni, Pb, and Zn, and the Nemerow multi-factor and potential ecological risk indexes indicated moderate potential ecological risks at the study sites. Specifically, the sites with high traffic density were moderately contaminated and the sites with low traffic density were mildly contaminated. In general, Cd and Zn were highly accumulated in soils of the study region; therefore focus should be on the high ecological hazard associated with soil heavy metal contamination, even in undeveloped regions. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

双线盾构多因素引起地下管线的附加荷载研究

研究了地下管线与双线盾构垂直时地下管线附加荷载的分布规律。采用弹性力学Mindlin解,推导出双线盾构在掘进过程中多因素引起的土体附加应力计算公式。基于Winkler土体模型,推导出双线盾构施工中土体损失引起的竖向土体附加应力计算公式。算例分析结果表明:双线盾构施工中盾壳摩擦力和盾尾注浆压力引起的地下管线附加荷载较大;正面附加推力引起的附加荷载较小;土体损失是引起竖向附加荷载的主要原因;随着先行、后行盾构开挖面前后距离Q的减小,后行盾构上方管线的附加荷载变化比较明显;随着先行、后行盾构轴线水平间距L的增大,x和z方向的附加荷载峰值减小。     

不同碳源种类对好氧颗粒污泥合成PHA的影响

影响好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的因素众多,其中碳源种类的不同会造成好氧颗粒污泥合成聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)的不同,进而影响其稳定性能.采用混合碳源驯化培养的好氧颗粒污泥进行试验.考察了厌氧条件下,乙酸钠等八种碳源对好氧颗粒污泥合成PHA的影响.结果表明,颗粒污泥对乙酸钠和蔗糖具有较好的转化能力,合成PHA的量分别为102.19mgCOD/g·VSS和70.58mgCOD/g·VSS,显著高于其他碳源的PHA合成量(5~26mg/g×VSS).故以蔗糖和乙酸钠作碳源均有利于颗粒污泥稳定性能的维持,而当以甲醇作碳源时好氧颗粒污泥的贮存能力最差.     

滑动弧放电等离子体杀菌的研究进展

在介绍现有杀菌方法及其局限性的基础上提出滑动弧放电等离子体杀菌技术,阐述滑动弧放电等离子体产生的基本原理,介绍了基本的反应装置及其发展情况;探讨此技术在杀菌方面的研究进展,并从紫外线、臭氧、NO.和.OH自由基、H2O2等角度出发对杀菌机理进行了分析。最后对该项技术在杀菌领域的应用与发展提出了建议及展望。     

南充市城区冬季非甲烷总烃污染特征分析

为了解南充市城区冬季环境空气中非甲烷总烃(NMHC)的污染特征及来源,2020年12月1日～2021年2月28日利用在线监测仪器对NMHC含量进行了连续监测.结果表明:南充市城区冬季环境空气中的NMHC总平均体积分数为(0.37±0.00)×10?6,元旦和春节期间的NMHC含量显著低于周末和工作日;受城区居民生产、生...     

钻井废水处理技术探讨

利用现有装备处理钻井废水,处理后的水质已不能满足２０００年企业污染物排放达标的规定要求。川东钻探公司从美国引进了Ｈｙｄｒｏｃａｌ钻井污水处理系统,对目前石油系统钻井废水普遍存在的技术问题进行了探讨,提出了应借鉴国外钻井污水处理系统的优点。建议钻井废水处理装备的研制仍然应采用提高混凝沉淀效果、固液分离水平及控制水平等     

西渡造纸厂综合污水处理工程的设计

西渡造纸厂综合工业废水 1 80 0 0m3 /d ,废水中含有纤维、木质素、半纤维素、草屑、泥灰、炉灰和纸浆短纤维等固溶物和微量的可溶性有机物以及碱等 ,同时含有大量的不溶性有机物 ;水呈黑色 ,属难生化的高浓度有机废水。在污水处理工程设计中通过对造纸黑液采用水解酸化 UBF 混凝沉淀联合处理工艺 ,出水可达到《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GWPB2 1 999)要求     

亚硝酸盐对A2O系统脱氮除磷的影响

在A2O系统中,通过分别向缺氧区和好氧区投加亚硝酸盐的方式,考察和分析了亚硝酸盐的存在对系统脱氮除磷性能的影响.结果表明,系统的硝化、反硝化及除磷性能均对亚硝酸盐的存在比较敏感.亚硝酸盐存在于好氧段时对硝化性能的影响较大,当好氧段亚硝酸盐浓度达到25mg/L时,系统硝化速率仅有5.26mg/(L·h).亚硝酸盐存在于缺氧段时对反硝化性能的抑制作用较大,且当亚硝酸盐长期存在于缺氧段时,系统的反硝化速率降低至11.83mg/(L·h),与正常情况相比下降了60%;亚硝酸盐存在于好氧段时会严重抑制聚磷菌的吸磷能力,系统磷去除率仅有22%.当亚硝酸盐存在于缺氧段时,会引发系统的污泥膨胀问题,导致聚磷菌流失,聚磷菌数量减少到2.02%左右,继而引发系统除磷效果严重恶化.