Challenges to saving China’s freshwater biodiversity: Fishery exploitation and landscape pressures

China has over 1320 freshwater fish species, 877 of which are endemic. In recent decades, over-exploitation and landscape pressures have threatened them and led to a severe aquatic biodiversity crisis. In response, large-scale fishing bans have been promulgated to protect freshwater biodiversity in major Chinese rivers since the early 1980s. Here, we present the historical background and current challenges to the fishing bans. Implementing large-scale fishing bans may help improve China’s current freshwater biological resources and biodiversity to some extent. But implementing fishing bans alone is not sufficient to solve the crisis because of shortcomings of the current bans and expanding human pressures in most river basins. Thus, we recommend regulating other anthropogenic pressures, expanding duration and extent of current fishing regulations, establishing a comprehensive monitoring program, and initiating basin-scale ecological rehabilitation. These programs are also needed in other developing countries facing similar biodiversity crises and human pressures.     

Pyrolysis characteristics of cathode from spent lithium-ion batteries using advanced TG-FTIR-GC/MS analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Thermal treatment offers an alternative method for the separation of Al foil and cathode materials during spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)...     

成都市温江区农村污水治理模式与技术研究

农村污水治理是农村人居环境整治的重点任务之一,也是其难点所在。基于乡村振兴及改善农村人居环境的战略需求,本文以成都市温江区为研究对象,分析农村污水治理的现状和存在的关键问题,探讨农村污水治理技术与模式,从农村生活污水的处理模式,农村黑臭水体处理模式以及农村污水管理模式三个方面,探索符合温江农村特点、可复制可推广的农村污水治理模式,以期为川西地区农村污水治理提供理论参考。     

铜绿微囊藻对有机毒物菲的生理生态响应研究

选取富营养化湖泊蓝藻水华常见优势种铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa,M. aeruginosa）为研究对象,采用室内暴露培养实验考察多环芳烃（Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）化合物菲（Phenanthrene,Phe）对铜绿微囊藻生长及生理特性的影响效应和作用机制。研究结果表明,低浓度Phe（0.05~0.2 mg/L）对铜绿微囊藻细胞生长有不同程度的促进作用,0.2 mg/LPhe促进作用最为显著（P＜0.05）;高浓度Phe（0.5~1.0 mg/L）显著抑制铜绿微囊藻生长（P＜0.05）。铜绿微囊藻典型生理指标细胞光合作用率（Fv/Fm）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷氨酰胺还原酶（GR）酶活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量同步分析结果显示,低浓度Phe通过增强SOD、GR酶活性,降低铜绿微囊藻细胞内MDA含量,提高藻细胞光合作用率,进而促进细胞增殖;高浓度Phe则通过降低SOD、GR酶活性,增加藻细胞内MDA产量,减弱细胞光合作用,从而抑制细胞生长。对不同暴露时刻藻细胞的生长抑制率进行回归分析可得EC50（半抑制浓度）随着污染暴露时间增加而减低,1day EC50为1.27 mg/L,12day EC50降至0.65 mg/L,即高剂量Phe（0.5~1.0 mg/L）对微囊藻细胞生长的抑制作用随时间延长逐渐增强。结合低剂量浓度下Phe对铜〖JP+2〗绿微囊藻生长的促进作用分析,湖泊生态系统Phe污染长期暴露对铜绿微囊藻生长生理特性及优势种的形成和维持具有不可忽视的作用。其中,铜绿微囊藻细胞主要生理指标SOD与GR对Phe污染胁迫反应灵敏,可用作评价PAHs等有机毒物对浮游藻类生理生态影响的生物标记物     

基于不同卫星降雨产品的澴水花园流域径流模拟比较研究

卫星降雨产品作为缺资料或无资料地区估算流域降雨径流的一种途径,适用性尚需大量实验研究。以澴水花园流域为研究区,综合评估了TRMM(3B42V7)、TRMM_RT(3B42V7)、PERSIANN CDR和CMORPH 4个卫星降雨产品在流域平均雨量计算与径流模拟中的精度,设置多方案与多种水文模拟情景全面检验各降雨产品的可靠性与适用性。研究表明：(1)在研究期2002~2013年,没有一个卫星降雨产品对所有精度评价指标均表现最优,PERSIANN始终表现为最差;(2)各卫星降雨产品对于不同年代和不同统计时段的精度差异明显,且一般汛期精度高于全年精度。各年代精度最高的卫星降雨产品在年与汛期尺度上与实测雨量相关系数均超过0.9;(3)各卫星降雨产品对有雨日降雨探测能力较强,但空报率较高,所有卫星降雨产品对于年最大1 d、3 d和7 d降雨估算误差较大,无法达到可利用精度;(4)采用卫星降雨产品进行径流模拟时,以相应的卫星降雨进行水文模型参数率定可获得更高的模拟精度。TRMM_RT与CMORPH日径流模拟精度较好,CMORPH月径流模拟精度较好。总体而言,CMORPH更适用于径流模拟。对于典型的3场大洪水模拟结果表明,TRMM_RT和CMORPH对洪峰与洪量（径流深）的模拟精度相对较高。     

Cadmium phytoremediation potential of turnip compared with three common high Cd-accumulating plants

Phytoextraction is a phytoremediation technique used for remediating polluted soils and it greatly relies on the plants’ capacities to accumulate contaminants. Turnip is a high cadmium (Cd)-accumulating plant. We compared the Cd tolerance, growth, and Cd accumulation characteristics of two turnip landraces with three additional commonly known high Cd-accumulating species to systematically estimate its Cd phytoremediation potential. Results showed that the turnips could tolerate relatively lower Cd concentrations than other plants. Growth characteristics analyses indicated that the turnips initially grew rapidly and then gradually slowed down, and their photosynthetic parameters indicated that biomass accumulation was easily affected by light. However, the Cd uptake and translocation capacities of the two turnip landraces were higher than those of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Bidens pilosa Linn. but close to that of Brassica napus Linn.. Ultimately, large amounts of Cd accumulated in turnips during early growth and slightly increased as the fleshy roots increased in size. Based on these findings, the present turnip landraces have potential for soil remediation, but additional research is needed before these landraces can be practically used. Moreover, turnips are good candidates for studying the molecular mechanism of high Cd accumulation in plants.     

基于土壤气挥发通量的污染场地三氯甲烷健康风险评估

我国现行技术导则在评估VOCs呼吸暴露途径健康风险时推荐Johnson-Ettinger(J&E)模型,该模型虽然简单易用,但在实际应用中存在过于保守的问题,采用双元平衡模型(dual equilibrium desorption, DED)对J&E模型进行校正后可以在一定程度上克服该问题.为准确评估实际场地中VOCs...     

不同污染方式进入土壤的氯氰菊酯在蚯蚓体内的蓄积特征及其生长毒性

农药污染严重威胁我国的土壤生态系统安全.选择我国应用较广的氯氰菊酯为代表性农药污染物,采用一次和叠加的污染方式模拟氯氰菊酯进入土壤并逐渐累积的过程,以云南耕地常见的蚯蚓优势种——皮质远盲蚓(Amynthascorticis)为实验生物,研究了氯氰菊酯在土壤中的降解变化,以及蚯蚓对不同污染方式进入土壤的氯氰菊酯吸收蓄积的...     

医疗垃圾热解焚烧实验研究

医疗垃圾是一种对环境危害极大的危险废弃物.用一种固定炉排炉热解焚烧系统,对广州市部分医院的医疗垃圾进行了热解焚烧及尾气净化试验,并对焚烧工况、烟气中主要的污染物含量及灰渣的灼减率进行分析.分析结果表明:稳定运行时炉膛平均温度在850℃左右,二燃室平均温度在1000℃以上;尾气中CO、NOx、HCl和SO2浓度分别为:71mg/m3、125 mg/m3、27.8 mg/m3和21 mg/m3,灰渣的灼减率为2.7%.均远远低于标准限值.