含醛废水脱水塔的改造

由于润滑油糠醛精制装置的脱水塔底排放废水中糠醛含量超标,对脱水塔进行了相关改造。从近一年的运行情况看,收到了较好的效果。装置内醛含量明显下降,操作稳定。取样分析表明,废水中糠醛含量大幅度下降,合格率达93.3%。改造前脱水塔塔顶压力为0.03 MPa,改造后塔顶压力为0MPa。脱水塔底排放的废水中醛含量下降了98%,汽提蒸汽量减少了50%,减少了环境污染,每年约获得2万元的经济效益。     

长输管道工程施工期环境监理初探 ——以中缅油气管道工程（缅甸段）为例

中缅油气管道工程(缅甸段)首次在长输管道建设项目中引入独立第三方环境监理,目的是保证工程环境保护达到国际一流水平,促进管道建设与当地的经济社会、自然环境的和谐可持续发展。通过工程的环境监理实践,分析了长输管道施工准备阶段、施工期和试运行期的环境监理要点和工作重点,介绍了环境监理的工作方法,并对完善环境监理工作提出了建议,为长输管道工程环境监理进行了初步实践探索。     

浅析环境信息公开的作用

环境信息公开能提高环境保护参与者的环境意识,改变他们的环境行为和行动,解决"市场失灵"、"政治失灵"的问题,教育环境保护各利益相关者,推进决策过程中的民主进程。要提高环境信息的作用,应公开公众所面临的环境风险,公开的环境信息必须可靠,有关的环境信息必须对公众有用且方便获得,政府机构应关注公众对环境信息的反馈。     

三层混床技术在水处理装置中的应用

某化肥厂水处理装置采用混合离子交换器生产精制水,针对现存的阴阳双层离子交换树脂交叉污染问题,在不改变设备结构及工艺的前提下,采用三层混床技术将阴阳离子树脂彻底分离,有效消除了交叉污染问题,再生次数减少,混床运行周期平均延长到10d,周期制水量由原来的3.02×104 m3提高到4.32×104 m3;再生酸碱消耗量、用水量和污水排放量都得到了降低。     

关于含油污泥处理设备制作的几点建议

文章通过对国内外含油污泥处理技术的研究,结合某单位开发的一套含油污泥处理撬装设备在一个月的现场试验过程中产生的问题进行分析,探讨含油污泥处理设备制作过程中应注意的问题,并相应提出建议。     

丹江口水库及其入库支流水体中微塑料组成与分布特征

微塑料污染是当前环境科学关注的研究热点.为探究国家一级水源保护区丹江口水库中微塑料的赋存状况,以水库及其入库支流表层水体为对象,于2019年丰水期进行采样调查分析,研究该区域的微塑料丰度、形状和类型,并结合丹江口水库的水文水动力条件揭示其微塑料空间分布特征.结果表明,丹江口水库水体中微塑料颜色各异,主要形状有颗粒、碎片、薄膜以及纤维类这4类,其中碎片类占比为84.2%,棕色和透明微塑料最为常见,而不同形状微塑料丰度空间分布差异明显;丰水期,水库库区微塑料平均丰度7248 n·m^-3,丹库的微塑料含量显著高于汉库;库区与支流中微塑料粒径大小主要在75~4703 μm之间,微塑料丰度随粒径的增加而下降,其中73.4%的微塑料粒径在500 μm以下;就微塑料材质而言,尼龙在丹江口水库中最普遍,数量比例为36.4%;其次是聚乙烯（PE）和聚丙烯（PP）等.     

基于随机化Pushover的结构整体抗震可靠度参数分析

为了研究使用随机化Pushover方法进行RC框架结构整体抗震可靠度计算过程中相关参数的适应性,使用Matlab调用SAP2000编制出基于随机化Pushover的结构整体抗震可靠度程序,以一榀11层RC框架结构为例,通过该程序统计出不同参数下结构最大层间位移角的分布情况及整体失效概率,并以大样本实际地震波进行时程分析所统计出的相应结果为基准进行对比。结果表明,在常规参数设置下随机化Pushover方法统计出的最大层间位移角分布情况和结构整体失效概率与大样本时程分析结果有较大差异,然后提出了一种修正方式,有效地减小了两者的差异,并以某算例验证了该修正方式的适用性。     

The littoral zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: challenges and opportunities

For flood control purpose, the water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) varies significantly. The annual reservoir surface elevation amplitude is about 30 m behind the dam. Filling of the reservoir has created about 349 km² of newly flooded riparian zone. The average flooding period lasts for more than 6 months, from mid-October to late April. The dam and its associated reservoir provide flood control, power generation, and navigation, but there are also many environmental challenges. The littoral zone is the important part of the TGR, once its eco-health and stability are damaged,which will directly endanger the ecological safety of the whole reservoir area and even the Yangtze River Basin. So, understanding the great ecological opportunities which are hidden in littoral zone of TGR (LZTGR) and putting forward approaches to solve the environmental problems are very important. LZTGR involves a wide field of problems, such as the landslides, potential water pollution, soil erosion, biodiversity loss, land cover changes, and other issues. The Three Gorges dam (TGD) is a major trigger of environmental change in the Yangtze River. The landslides, water quality, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, dam operation, and challenge for land use are closely interrelated across spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, the ecological and environmental impacts caused by TGD are necessarily complex and uncertain. LZTGR is not only a great environmental challenge but also an ecological opportunity for us. In fact, LZTGR is an important structural unit of TGR ecosystem and has special ecosystem services function. Vegetation growing in LZTGR is therefore a valuable resource due to accumulation of carbon and nutrients. Everyone thinks that the ecological approach to the problem is needed. If properly designed, dike–pond systems, littoral woods systems, and re-created waterfowl habitats will have the capacity to capture nutrients from uplands and obstruct soil erosion. Ecological engineering approaches can therefore reduce environmental impacts of LZTGR and optimize ecological services. In view of the current situation and existing ecological problems of LZTGR, according to function demands such as environmental purification, biodiversity conservation, and vegetation carbon sink enhancement, we should explore the eco-friendly utilization mode of resources in LZTGR. Ecological engineering approaches might minimize the impacts or optimize the ecological services. Natural regeneration and ecological restoration in LZTGR are valuable for soil erosion decrease, pollutant purification, biodiversity conservation, carbon sink increase, and ecosystem health maintenance in TGR.     

Adsorption and redox reactions of heavy metals on synthesized Mn oxide minerals

Several Mn oxide minerals commonly occurring in soils were synthesized by modified or optimized methods. The morphologies, structures, compositions and surface properties of the synthesized Mn oxide minerals were characterized. Adsorption and redox reactions of heavy metals on these minerals in relation to the mineral structures and surface properties were also investigated. The synthesized birnessite, todorokite, cryptomelane, and hausmannite were single-phased minerals and had the typical morphologies from analyses of XRD and TEM/ED. The PZCs of the synthesized birnessite, todorokite and cryptomelane were 1.75, 3.50 and 2.10, respectively. The magnitude order of their surface variable negative charge was: birnessite> or =cryptomelane>todorokite. The hausmannite had a much higher PZC than others with the least surface variable negative charge. Birnessite exhibited the largest adsorption capacity on heavy metals Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2+), while hausmannite the smallest one. Birnessite, cryptomelane and todorokite showed the greatest adsorption capacity on Pb(2+) among the tested heavy metals. Hydration tendency (pK(1)) of the heavy metals and the surface variable charge of the Mn minerals had significant impacts on the adsorption. The ability in Cr(III) oxidation and concomitant release of Mn(2+) varied greatly depending on the structure, composition, surface properties and crystallinity of the minerals. The maximum amounts of Cr(III) oxidized by the Mn oxide minerals in order were (mmol/kg): birnessite (1330.0)>cryptomelane (422.6)>todorokite (59.7)>hausmannite (36.6).