基于SPA的福建省抗台风减灾能力评估

利用1985-2012年福建省的相关资料,构建评估抗台风减灾能力的指标体系,将集对分析法和主成分分析法应用于福建省的抗台风减灾能力评估模型中,对福建省的抗台风减灾能力进行综合评估。根据SHI值的变化得知,历年来福建省的抗台风减灾能力逐年提高,但仍存在小幅度波动,2006-2011年存在一个波谷。     

A Water Yield‐Oriented Practical Approach for Multifunctional Forest Management and its Application in Dryland Regions of China

Mountainous forest areas are vitally important for water supply in dryland regions which suffer from high erosion risk and severe water shortage. Massive afforestation, mainly for erosion control, may reduce the water yield and threaten local water supply security. Moreover, many over‐dense forests due to a strict logging ban policy have produced remarkably negative impacts for both forests (e.g., low timber quality, restricted natural regeneration, and high stand instability) and water yield. To satisfy the rapidly increasing demands on water supply and other services, a practical approach for managing forest stands in a multifunctional way, which particularly addresses water yielding, is urgently required. For this purpose, we integrated the existing knowledge and experience, designed an “ideal” stand structure to represent multifunctional forest (MFF) and determined its key parameters (a ground coverage of >0.7, a canopy density around 0.7, and an H/DBH ratio (tree height [m] to the diameter at breast height [cm]) of <0.7). Moreover, a decision process for MFF stand management was recommended as: (1) investigating the site quality; (2) identifying the site‐specific main forest functions; (3) quantifying the stand structure; (4) diagnosing the stand structure by comparing with the “ideal” one; and (5) arranging the functions/structure‐oriented management measures. In this way, the water‐yielding function can be improved and meanwhile other forest functions can be promoted.     

Predicting heavy metals' adsorption edges and adsorption isotherms on MnO2 with the parameters determined from Langmuir kinetics

Although surface complexation models have been widely used to describe the adsorption of heavy metals, few studies have verified the feasibility of modeling the adsorption kinetics, edge, and isotherm data with one pH-independent parameter. A close inspection of the derivation process of Langmuir isothermrevealed that the equilibriumconstant derived from the Langmuir kinetic model, K_S-kinetic, is theoretically equivalent to the adsorption constant in Langmuir isotherm, K_S-Langmuir. The modified Langmuir kinetic model (MLK model) and modified Langmuir isothermmodel (MLImodel) incorporating pH factor were developed. The MLKmodel was employed to simulate the adsorption kinetics of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) on MnO₂ at pH 3.2 or 3.3 to get the values of K_S-kinetic. The adsorption edges of heavy metals could be modeled with the modified metal partitioning model (MMP model), and the values of K_S-Langmuirwere obtained. The values of K_S-kinetic and K_S-Langmuir are very close to each other, validating that the constants obtained by these two methods are basically the same. The MMP model with K_S-kinetic constants could predict the adsorption edges of heavy metals on MnO₂ very well at different adsorbent/adsorbate concentrations. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of heavy metals on MnO₂ at various pH levels could be predicted reasonably well by the MLI model with the K_S-kinetic constants.     

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on the soil profile methane distribution and diffusion in rice-wheat rotation system

The aim of this experiment was to determine the impacts of climate change on soil profile concentrations and diffusion effluxes of methane in a rice–wheat annual rotation ecosystem in Southeastern China. We initiated a field experiment with four treatments:ambient conditions(CKs), CO_2 concentration elevated to ~ 500 μmol/mol(FACE),temperature elevated by ca. 2°C(T) and combined elevation of CO_2 concentration and temperature(FACE + T). A multilevel sampling probe was designed to collect the soil gas at four different depths, namely, 7 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm. Methane concentrations were higher during the rice season and decreased with depth, while lower during the wheat season and increased with depth. Compared to CK, mean methane concentration was increased by 42%, 57% and 71% under the FACE, FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, at the 7 cm depth during the rice season(p 0.05). Mean methane diffusion effluxes to the 7 cm depth were positive in the rice season and negative in the wheat season, resulting in the paddy field being a source and weak sink, respectively. Moreover, mean methane diffusion effluxes in the rice season were 0.94, 1.19 and 1.42 mg C/(m~2·hr) in the FACE,FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, being clearly higher than that in the CK. The results indicated that elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration and temperature could significantly increase soil profile methane concentrations and their effluxes from a rice–wheat field annual rotation ecosystem(p 0.05).     

公共污水处理系统执行标准存在问题及对策建议

迫于减排压力,继城镇生活污水处理厂的大规模建设运营后,全国各地又开始了一轮工业园区污水处理厂(公共污水处理系统)的建设热潮。本文对公共污水处理系统进水与排水执行标准存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策与建议。     

Vertical distribution and effect of historical residual organochlorine pesticides on microbial community structure in sediment cores from an abandoned oxidation pond after dredging for 15 years

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The vertical distribution pattern of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), together with microbial ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL-FAME)...     

Insights into highly effective catalytic persulfate activation on oxygen-functionalized mesoporous carbon for ciprofloxacin degradation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanocarbons have been demonstrated as promising carbon catalysts for substituting metal-based catalysts for the green treatment of wastewater. In this...     

脂质组学在环境领域中的应用

脂质是生物体内重要的组成物质之一,具有多种重要的生物学功能。脂质组学作为代谢组学的一个重要分支,主要通过研究生物体内脂质化合物及脂质代谢谱的变化,进而鉴定生物标志物,分析相关代谢通路,阐明生物体响应外界刺激的机制。随着分析技术的不断进步,尤其是色谱和质谱技术的引入,极大地推动了脂质组学研究的发展,并扩展了其应用范围。本文介绍了脂质组学的研究方法及其在环境领域中的应用前景,重点讨论了脂质组学及多组学联用技术在环境胁迫耐受性及环境污染物毒性评价中的应用。     

碲化镉量子点(CdTe QDs)对肝细胞的毒性效应及线粒体介导的毒性机制研究

本文探讨了碲化镉量子点(CdTe QDs)对肝细胞的毒性效应及其影响因素,为探索量子点的肝毒性机制提供一定依据。采用人肝癌细胞(Hep G2)和人正常肝细胞(L02)为细胞模型,设置0、25、50和100μmol·L-14个浓度组,采用CCK-8法检测细胞生存率,石墨炉法检测细胞内镉元素含量,采用流式细胞术,装载荧光探针DCFH-DA检测细胞内活性氧水平,采用FITC/PI检测细胞凋亡以及JC-1检测细胞ATP水平。研究结果显示:CdTe QDs诱导2种肝细胞生存率降低,细胞凋亡率升高,细胞对QDs的摄入水平具有时间依赖性,细胞内活性氧水平显著升高,线粒体膜电位降低和ATP含量显著减少,且2种肝细胞比较发现L02细胞损伤程度更为严重。CdTe QDs对2种肝细胞造成损伤,对L02细胞损伤更明显,其原因是L02细胞对CdTe QDs摄取更多,导致进入细胞的QDs引发更为严重的损伤效应。