Field-scale leaching of arsenic, chromium and copper from weathered treated wood

Earlier studies documented the loss of wood preservatives from new wood. The objective of this study was to evaluate losses from weathered treated wood under field conditions by collecting rainfall leachate from 5 different wood types, all with a surface area of 0.21 m². Wood samples included weathered chromate copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood at low (2.7 kg/m³), medium (4.8 kg/m³) and high (35.4 kg/m³) retention levels, new alkaline copper quat (ACQ) treated wood (1.1 kg/m³ as CuO) and new untreated wood. Arsenic was found to leach at a higher rate (100 mg in 1 year for low retention) than chromium and copper (<40 mg) in all CCA-treated wood samples. Copper leached at the highest rate from the ACQ sample (670 mg). Overall results suggest that metals' leaching is a continuous process driven by rainfall, and that the mechanism of release from the wood matrix changes as wood weathers.     

Damage to DNA caused by UV-B radiation in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum and the effects of exogenous chemicals on the process

Radiation with UV-B increased the damage to DNA in Scytonema javanicum, a desert-dwelling soil microorganism, and the level of damage varied with the intensity of UV-B radiation and duration of exposure. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased because of the radiation. Different exogenous chemicals (ascorbate acid, ASC; N-acetylcysteine, NAC; glyphosate, GPS; and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, MCPA-Na) differed in their effect on the extent of DNA damage and ROS production: whereas NAC and ASC protected the DNA from damage and resulted in reduced ROS production, the herbicides (GPS and MCPA-Na) increased the extent of damage, lowered the rate of photosynthesis, and differed in their effect on ROS production. The chemicals probably have different mechanisms to exercise their effects: NAC and ASC probably function as antioxidant agents or as precursors of other antioxidant molecules that protect the DNA and photosynthetic apparatus directly from the ROS produced as a result of UV-B radiation, and GPS and MCPA-Na probably disrupt the normal metabolism in S. javanicum to induce the leaking of ROS into the photosynthetic electron transfer pathway following UV-B radiation, and thereby damage the DNA. Such mechanisms have serious implications for the use of environment-friendly herbicides, which, because they can destroy DNA, may prove harmful to soil microorganisms.     

Decomposition analysis of PM2.5 emissions based on LMDI and Tapio decoupling model: study of Hunan and Guangdong

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper takes energy consumption PM2.5 emission as research object, and quantitatively analyzes the PM2.5 emission level in Hunan and Guangdong...     

Adsorption of volatile benzene series compounds by surface-modified glass fibers: kinetics,thermodynamic adsorption efficiencies,and mechanisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The presence of volatile benzene series compounds (VBSCs) in the environment is continually increasing, with the potential for negative effects on...     

灰化苔草叶片铜污染的高光谱响应研究

为了鄱阳湖湿地的生态安全,通过土壤盆栽实验,研究了不同Cu浓度(0、50、100、150、200和300 mg/kg)下灰化苔草(Carex cinerascens)在整个生长发育期内叶片光谱参数和叶绿素的变化过程。结果表明,灰化苔草对Cu的耐性上限浓度不超过300 mg/kg;随着添加Cu浓度的升高,叶片Cu含量和土壤有效态Cu含量均逐渐升高,叶片SPAD值渐次降低;叶片Cu含量与红谷深度、红边峰值、红边斜率、R750~1250 nm等光谱特征值之间均呈现显著的负相关关系;灰化苔草最佳监测生育期为生长期。由此,为鄱阳湖湿地生态健康变化进行快速诊断提供了科学依据。     

分子筛负载型吸附剂对典型VOCs的吸附行为特性

以浸渍法制备的分子筛负载铜锰铈(Cu-Mn-Ce/ZSM)为吸附剂,以甲苯、乙酸乙酯和丙酮作为挥发性有机物(VOCs)的典型代表,考察了单组分和混合组分VOCs在吸附剂固定床上的吸附行为。研究表明,Cu-Mn-Ce/ZSM吸附单组分VOCs时,甲苯的吸附穿透时间与饱和吸附量分别为110 min和32.47 mg/g,乙酸乙酯为150 min和52.29 mg/g,丙酮为210 min和86.40 mg/g,可见Cu-Mn-Ce/ZSM对单组分VOCs的吸附能力大小为:丙酮 > 乙酸乙酯 > 甲苯。Cu-Mn-Ce/ZSM吸附混合组分VOCs时,在甲苯与乙酸乙酯的穿透曲线上出现了明显的"驼峰",吸附穿透过程中存在共吸附和竞争吸附行为,甲苯的吸附穿透时间与饱和吸附量降至50 min、10.42 mg/g,乙酸乙酯为95 min、15.12 mg/g,丙酮为105 min、44.37 mg/g。通过Yoon-Nelson模型对单组分VOCs吸附穿透曲线的拟合,表明吸附模型参数可以准确地预测吸附质在固定床上的穿透行为。速率参数k'值计算表明,不同VOCs在固定床上的吸附速率大小为丙酮 < 乙酸乙酯 < 甲苯。     

鼠李糖脂在铜绿假单胞菌NY3代谢烃过程中的生理作用

为了解鼠李糖脂在菌代谢烃过程中所起的具体作用,对NY3菌体生理生化指标进行测定,研究了NY3菌降解烃过程中,鼠李糖脂促进烃降解与细胞生理特性变化规律的相关性。结果表明,投加60、100和140 mg/L鼠李糖脂,能使正十六烷降解率分别提高23.7%、48.3%和32.2%,且产酸明显。鼠李糖脂能加快疏水性有机物的传质速度,与未加鼠李糖脂相比,鼠李糖脂浓度为100和140 mg/L时,菌细胞内积聚的正十六烷量增加12.5%和37.69%。鼠李糖脂存在下,NY3菌细胞内正十六烷吸收是一个积累和消耗相互交替的动态过程。鼠李糖脂使菌体细胞中疏水性脂类的相对含量和细胞表面的负电荷明显增加,但使所生长的细胞内脂多糖含量明显减少,生长过程投加鼠李糖脂浓度为60、100、140和200 mg/L时,细胞中脂多糖含量分别减少45.65%、58.13%、45.61%、和59.44%。因此,鼠李糖脂能加快NY3菌对十六烷的降解,同时对代谢过程中菌体的生理生化特性有明显的改变。     

玉米秆碳源去除地下水硝酸盐

研究比较了经氢氧化钠、氨水预处理的玉米秆和玉米芯作为生物反硝化碳源时,不同氮负荷条件下的脱氮性能。结果表明,经3%氢氧化钠溶液预处理的玉米秆,在不同氮负荷下均具有较高的硝酸盐去除率,最高达到了97.17%。在原位净化模拟实验中,用该方法预处理的玉米秆作为可渗透反应墙(PRB)的填充介质,硝酸盐和总氮的去除率分别达到了89.68%和84.97%,且出水中没有亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮的积累。结果表明,经3%氢氧化钠溶液预处理的玉米秆,可以作为地下水原位净化修复的固相碳源。     

低温季大型表流湿地对微污染水体脱氮效果及优化运行

低温季表流湿地脱氮效果下降是业内公认的难题,长期以来备受人们的关注,但针对大型表流湿地处理微污染水体的相应研究开展较少。综述了表流湿地脱氮机理及低温季限制因素,同时以盐龙湖工程的表流湿地单元为实例,分析了其在低温季对微污染水体中各形态氮素的净化效果,从优化湿地运行角度出发开展研究。结果表明,在低温季表流湿地进水的TN平均值为1.16~3.35 mg/L条件下,TN、NH3-N、硝态氮、Org-N的平均去除率为13%、35%、15%、-14%;显著影响表流湿地出水TN浓度的因素为湿地运行面积、进水负荷、温度以及进水浓度(p 湿地运行面积(负相关)> 进水负荷(负相关)> 温度(负相关)。显著影响表流湿地NH3-N出水浓度的因素为温度与进水浓度(p温度(负相关);当HRT从3-N的平均去除率分别由6%、26%提升到17%与41%。