陶瓷球颗粒在圆形漏斗中下落速度的PIV研究

利用PIV(粒子图像测速技术)对重力作用下陶瓷球颗粒在圆形漏斗底部出口下落的速度场进行了测量和分析.分别测量了漏斗中陶瓷球颗粒在不同起始颗粒层高度下出口处的速度、同一起始颗粒层高度下不同漏斗底部出口大小时的速度和同一出口条件下不同粒径时的速度.对不同下落高度时陶瓷球的下落速度进行了比较.结果表明,不同起始颗粒层高度对陶瓷球速度没有影响,同一粒径陶瓷球,颗粒速度随着出口的增大而增大;同一底部出口时,颗粒速度随着粒径的减小而增大.     

Characteristic analysis for odor gas emitted from food waste anaerobic fermentation in the pretreatment workshop

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, olfactometry, and other related methods were applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the characteristics of odorous gases in the pretreatment workshop. The composition of odorous gases emitted from municipal food waste was also investigated in this study. The results showed that the tested gases are mainly composed of aromatic gases, which account for 49% of the total volatile organic compounds (VOC) concentrations. The nitrogenous compounds comprise 15% of the total concentration and the other gases comprise the remaining 36%. The level of odor concentration ranged from 2523 odor units (OU) m^?3 to 3577 OU m^?3. The variation of the total chemical composition ranged from 19,725 µg m^?3 to 24,184 µg m^?3. Among the selected four sampling points, the discharge outlet was detected to have the highest concentration in terms of odor, total chemical, sulfur compounds, and aromatics. The correlation analysis showed that the odor concentrations were evidently related to the total chemical composition, sulfur compounds, and aromatics (P < 0.05, n = 5). The odor activity value analysis identified the top three compounds, hydrogen sulfide (91.8), ethyl sulfide (35.8), and trimethylamine (70.6), which contribute to air pollution complaint of waste materials.

Implications: Currently, the amount of food waste has rapidly increased, which leads to difficulty in waste management and more odorous gases released as air pollution. In processing of food wastes by anaerobic fermentation, odorous gases are generated, which significantly affect the workers and occupants in the plant. In the pretreatment workshop for anaerobic decomposition, the odorous gases are generated because of the stacking and decomposition of food wastes. The gases emitted mainly consist of organic gases because the food wastes are mainly organic materials. The other odors that comprise 1% of the gases are S-compounds, aromatics, esters, alkanes, and limonene, which result in unpleasant odors that are harmful to the health.     

Fenton试剂法降解餐厨垃圾异味

自行设计Fenton试剂法降解还原性气体异味的反应器,研究了Fenton试剂法处理餐厨垃圾异味主要成分(苯、乙酸乙酯、苯乙烯)的降解效果。以苯为典型代表物,优化得出该实验的最佳反应条件为:pH=3,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为1 g/L液相,30%H2O2投加量为10 mL/L液相,紫外光源辅助。结果证明,Fenton试剂法处理单一异味气体的效果较理想,在前180 min内能达到90%以上,该法在处理气态异味污染物方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

轨道交通车辆用功能性部件的防火研究

选取了轨道交通车辆用量较多的橡胶典型功能部件折棚式内风挡、外风挡和空气弹簧胶囊用材料,依据最新的业内通用标准EN 45545-2∶2020,同时进行烟毒性和热释放速率试验。试验结果表明,现用橡胶典型功能性部件除烟毒性指数(CIT_G)外,烟密度(D_s)和最大平均热释放速率(MARHE)均无法满足EN 45545-2∶2020防火标准的HL2级要求。面对这一问题,生产厂家应在满足部件功能性的前提下,尽量提高产品的防火性能;同时,为确保部件自身的功能性,标准制定方在制定指标要求时也应适当放宽这些材料的防火阻燃要求。     

Water resource system risk and adaptive management of the Chinese Heihe River Basin in Asian arid areas

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Water scarcity is a challenging environmental problem in global arid regions in the twenty-first century. Global climate change and urban...     

响应面法优化制备污泥基活性炭

利用响应面法进行试验设计,选定炭化温度、升温速率、炭化停留时间及保护气体流量为影响因素,对利用污水厂二次污泥制备污泥基活性炭的工艺条件进行优化.通过响应面法得到了污泥基活性炭的碘吸附值与4种因素之间的非线性回归方程,确定了制备污泥基活性炭的最优工艺条件为:炭化温度530℃、升温速率17℃·min-1、炭化停留时间22 min、保护气体流量280 m L·min-1.在最优条件下,制备的污泥基活性炭碘吸附值为675.9 mg·g-1,比表面积为639.5 m2·g-1,平均孔径为4.1 nm,中孔孔径为3~5 nm;羧基、内酯基和酚羟基含量分别为1.625、0.125和0.375 mmol·g-1,更适合吸附大分子污染物和金属离子.