发挥专业救援作用，加强装备与技术保障

此次汶川大地震带给我们巨大伤痛,也引起社会各界的许多思考。就地震救援和救援过程中的个体防护问题,我们于2008年6月30日访问了中国地震局震灾应急救援司。     

聚合氯化铝锌絮凝剂的制备及其性能

用在AlCl,与ZnCl2溶液中加NaOH溶液的方法制备无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝锌（PAZC）,通过正交实验确定的最佳制备条件为：反应时间10min、碱化度2．2、氯化铝浓度0．5mol／L、NaOH溶液浓度0．5mol／L。在n（Zn）：n（Al）=0．6、水样pH=7．8、PAZC加入量为5mg／L的条件下,浊度和COD去除率分别为98．9％和88．2％。PAZC与聚合氯化铝对各种工业废水的处理效果比较结果表明,PAZC对各种工业废水的处理效果较好。从废水处理成本来看,PAZC具有较好的经济效益。     

Innovative PCDD/F-containing gas stream generating system applied in catalytic decomposition of gaseous dioxins over V2O5-WO3/TiO2-based catalysts

Development of effective PCDD/F (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran) control technologies is essential for environmental engineers and researchers. In this study, a PCDD/F-containing gas stream generating system was developed to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of innovative PCDD/F control technologies. The system designed and constructed can stably generate the gas stream with the PCDD/F concentration ranging from 1.0 to 100ng TEQ Nm(-3) while reproducibility test indicates that the PCDD/F recovery efficiencies are between 93% and 112%. This new PCDD/F-containing gas stream generating device is first applied in the investigation of the catalytic PCDD/F control technology. The catalytic decomposition of PCDD/Fs was evaluated with two types of commercial V(2)O(5)-WO(3)/TiO(2)-based catalysts (catalyst A and catalyst B) at controlled temperature, water vapor content, and space velocity. 84% and 91% PCDD/F destruction efficiencies are achieved with catalysts A and B, respectively, at 280 degrees C with the space velocity of 5000h(-1). The results also indicate that the presence of water vapor inhibits PCDD/F decomposition due to its competition with PCDD/F molecules for adsorption on the active vanadia sites for both catalysts. In addition, this study combined integral reaction and Mars-Van Krevelen model to calculate the activation energies of OCDD and OCDF decomposition. The activation energies of OCDD and OCDF decomposition via catalysis are calculated as 24.8kJmol(-1) and 25.2kJmol(-1), respectively.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰的资源化处置前景

对大量数据进行统计分析,得出垃圾焚烧飞灰中主要重金属元素和二噁英类物质的含量分布特征,并根据垃圾焚烧飞灰的综合特点,结合其他领域现有技术,初步提出了3个垃圾焚烧飞灰的资源化处置方案:①烧制陶粒;②作为凝石成岩剂的原料;③作为上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)或膨胀式颗粒污泥床(EGSB)废水处理装置的生化反应促进剂.同时回收重金属,并对其前景进行了初步分析.若将上述3个方案逐步完善,不但能节约1000～2000元/t的垃圾焚烧飞灰处置费用,还能够产生很大的附加经济效益.     

销轴滑动磨损条件下的极限承载力研究

目的 针对销轴在海洋环境下由于轴向滑动磨损造成的极限承载力变化进行数值模拟研究，得到销轴的极限承载力演变规律，为水下磨损结构的安全评估提供理论依据。方法 首先，运用ANSYS有限元分析软件，建立“柱-瓦”模型进行磨损计算，对滑动磨损方法进行验证。然后，建立实际销轴与锚链横档局部有限元模型，进行磨损分析，得到不同轴向滑动频率下的磨损数据。最后，计算销轴在失效准则下不同磨损深度等级(0、1、2、3 mm)的极限承载力，并根据磨损速度-磨损深度-破断力的映射关系得到其许用极限承载力和累计使用时间随磨损深度的变化曲线。结果 在典型工况(滑动频率为3 Hz)条件下，销轴连续工作约3 298 h，磨损深度可达3 mm，许用极限承载力下降14 180 N。结论 随着销轴轴向滑动频率的增加，销轴的最大磨损深度、总磨损体积、磨损速度均近似呈线性增长变化。在典型工况下，销轴许用极限承载力随着服役时间增长近似呈线性下降，且随着时间增加许用极限承载力下降趋势变缓。     

Hazardous emission from thermal drying of municipal sludge and industrial sludge as well as associated odor pollution

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Disposal of sewage sludge, a by-product of wastewater treatment, is one of the most intractable problems for environmental protection industry. The...     

Fully-automated SPE coupled to UHPLC-MS/MS method for multiresidue analysis of 26 trace antibiotics in environmental waters: SPE optimization and method validation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Achieving simultaneous determination of antibiotic multiresidues in environmental waters by solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with...     

历史演变法原理与演变曲线板

根据杨鉴初的历史演变法原理，对苏皖沪（３０°～３６°Ｎ，１１５°～１２５°Ｅ）１９７１ ～１９９７ 年最大震级（ ＭＳ） 形成的时间序列，先进行迭次平滑，再据这些逐趋光滑的地震活动历史演变曲线的外形特征及数值，找出它们之间的联系规律与各自的变化规律：超前性、近似性、准对称性与渐变性。并根据这些规律性制成时间序列演变曲线板：近似板、旋转板与折迭板，对逐年最大震级进行外延验证，以及对１９９８ 年的最大震级做出预报。结果表明：用演变曲线板量取的时间序列外延预报值，与实况的差值都能小于｜０ ．５｜ 级。     

Age and spatial distribution of the world's oldest trees

Extremely old trees have important roles in providing insights about historical climatic events and supporting cultural values, yet there has been limited work on their global distribution and conservation. We extracted information on 197,855 tree cores from 4854 sites and combined it with other tree age (e.g., the OLDLIST) data from a further 156 sites to determine the age of the world's oldest trees and quantify the factors influencing their global distribution. We found that extremely old trees >1000 years were rare. Among 30 individual trees that exceeded 2000 years old, 27 occurred in high mountains. We modeled maximum tree age with climatic, soil topographic, and anthropogenic variables, and our regression models demonstrated that elevation, human population density, soil carbon content, and mean annual temperature were key determinants of the distribution of the world's oldest trees. Specifically, our model predicted that many of the oldest trees will occur in high-elevation, cold, and arid mountains with limited human disturbance. This pattern was markedly different from that of the tallest trees, which were more likely to occur in relatively more mesic and productive locations. Global warming and expansion of human activities may induce rapid population declines of extremely old trees. New strategies, including targeted establishment of conservation reserves in remote regions, especially those in western parts of China and the United States, are required to protect these trees.