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741.
Atmospheric aerosols have effects on atmospheric radiation assessments, global climate change, local air quality and visibility. In particular, aerosols are more likely transformed and accumulated in winter. In this paper, we used the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument to study the characteristics of aerosol type and contributions of PM2.5 chemical components to aerosol extinction (AE), vertical distribution of aerosols, and source. From December 30, 2018 to January 27, 2019, we conducted MAX-DOAS observations on Sanmenxia. The proportion of PM2.5 to PM10 was 69.48%–95.39%, indicating that the aerosol particles were mainly fine particles. By analyzing the ion data and modifying Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) method, we found that nitrate was the largest contributor to AE, accounting for 31.51%, 28.98%, and 27.95% of AE on heavily polluted, polluted, and clean days, respectively. NH4+, OC, and SO42? were also major contributors to AE. The near-surface aerosol extinction retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurement the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations measured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) have the same trend in vertical distribution. AE increased about 3 times from surface to 500 m. With the backward trajectory of the air mass during the haze, we also found that the continuous heavy pollution was mainly caused by transport of polluted air from the northeast, then followed by local industrial emissions and other sources of emissions under continuous and steady weather conditions. 相似文献
742.
选取了北京市21家餐饮企业,检测了净化器前端和后端的挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的浓度水平,经油烟净化器净化后,烷烃类、烯烃类、含氧VOCs类和苯系物类污染物的排放平均浓度分别为(714.62±212.17),(264.88±94.58),(374.72±57.48)和(174.93±55.19)μg/m3,烯烃类污染物中仅对四氯乙烯有明显的浓度降低效果.根据净化器对VOCs污染物的去除效果,有35.7%的净化器净化效率为负值.烯烃类污染物是餐饮油烟污染中臭氧生成的最重要的前体物,占总臭氧生成潜势的48.2%~50.7%.苯系物成为餐饮业排放污染物中二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的主要前体物,占总SOA生成潜势的95%以上. 相似文献
743.
Jiemeng Bao Hong Li Zhenhai Wu Xin Zhang Hao Zhang Yunfeng Li Jun Qian Junhui Chen Liqun Deng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(3):40-54
Ambient carbonyls were continuously observed in the field during a heavy ozone pollution episode in Chengdu, China from August 4 to August 19, 2019, and the pollution characteristics, atmospheric photochemical reactivity, human health risk, and sources of carbonyls were analyzed. Fifteen carbonyls were quantified with average total mixing ratios of 20.38 ppbv Formaldehyde(9.86 ppbv), acetone(4.41 ppbv), and acetaldehyde(3.57 ppbv) were the three most abundant carbonyls. During the heavy ozone po... 相似文献
744.
745.
目的 针对销轴在海洋环境下由于轴向滑动磨损造成的极限承载力变化进行数值模拟研究,得到销轴的极限承载力演变规律,为水下磨损结构的安全评估提供理论依据。方法 首先,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立“柱-瓦”模型进行磨损计算,对滑动磨损方法进行验证。然后,建立实际销轴与锚链横档局部有限元模型,进行磨损分析,得到不同轴向滑动频率下的磨损数据。最后,计算销轴在失效准则下不同磨损深度等级(0、1、2、3 mm)的极限承载力,并根据磨损速度-磨损深度-破断力的映射关系得到其许用极限承载力和累计使用时间随磨损深度的变化曲线。结果 在典型工况(滑动频率为3 Hz)条件下,销轴连续工作约3 298 h,磨损深度可达3 mm,许用极限承载力下降14 180 N。结论 随着销轴轴向滑动频率的增加,销轴的最大磨损深度、总磨损体积、磨损速度均近似呈线性增长变化。在典型工况下,销轴许用极限承载力随着服役时间增长近似呈线性下降,且随着时间增加许用极限承载力下降趋势变缓。 相似文献
746.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Disposal of sewage sludge, a by-product of wastewater treatment, is one of the most intractable problems for environmental protection industry. The... 相似文献
748.
Zheng Ming Tang Suwen Bao Yangyang Daniels Kevin D. How Zuo Tong El-Din Mohamed Gamal Wang Jie Tang Liang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):16973-16987
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Achieving simultaneous determination of antibiotic multiresidues in environmental waters by solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with... 相似文献
749.
洪宝德 《防灾减灾工程学报》1999,(3)
根据杨鉴初的历史演变法原理,对苏皖沪(30°~36°N,115°~125°E)1971 ~1997 年最大震级( MS) 形成的时间序列,先进行迭次平滑,再据这些逐趋光滑的地震活动历史演变曲线的外形特征及数值,找出它们之间的联系规律与各自的变化规律:超前性、近似性、准对称性与渐变性。并根据这些规律性制成时间序列演变曲线板:近似板、旋转板与折迭板,对逐年最大震级进行外延验证,以及对1998 年的最大震级做出预报。结果表明:用演变曲线板量取的时间序列外延预报值,与实况的差值都能小于|0 .5| 级。 相似文献
750.
Jiajia Liu Shangwen Xia Di Zeng Cong Liu Yingjun Li Wenjing Yang Bao Yang Jian Zhang Ferry Slik David B. Lindenmayer 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13907
Extremely old trees have important roles in providing insights about historical climatic events and supporting cultural values, yet there has been limited work on their global distribution and conservation. We extracted information on 197,855 tree cores from 4854 sites and combined it with other tree age (e.g., the OLDLIST) data from a further 156 sites to determine the age of the world's oldest trees and quantify the factors influencing their global distribution. We found that extremely old trees >1000 years were rare. Among 30 individual trees that exceeded 2000 years old, 27 occurred in high mountains. We modeled maximum tree age with climatic, soil topographic, and anthropogenic variables, and our regression models demonstrated that elevation, human population density, soil carbon content, and mean annual temperature were key determinants of the distribution of the world's oldest trees. Specifically, our model predicted that many of the oldest trees will occur in high-elevation, cold, and arid mountains with limited human disturbance. This pattern was markedly different from that of the tallest trees, which were more likely to occur in relatively more mesic and productive locations. Global warming and expansion of human activities may induce rapid population declines of extremely old trees. New strategies, including targeted establishment of conservation reserves in remote regions, especially those in western parts of China and the United States, are required to protect these trees. 相似文献