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231.
Properties of pyrolytic chars and activated carbons derived from pilot-scale pyrolysis of used tires
Li SQ Yao Q Wen SE Chi Y Yan JH 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(9):1315-1326
Used tires were pyrolyzed in a pilot-scale quasi-inert rotary kiln. Influences of variables, such as time, temperature, and agent flow, on the activation of obtained char were subsequently investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed. Mesoporous pores are found to be dominant in the pore structures of raw char. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surfaces of activated chars increased linearly with carbon burnoff. The carbon burnoff of tire char achieved by carbon dioxide (CO2) under otherwise identical conditions was on average 75% of that achieved by steam, but their BET surfaces are almost the same. The proper activation greatly improved the aqueous adsorption of raw char, especially for small molecular adsorbates, for example, phenol from 6 to 51 mg/g. With increasing burnoff, phenol adsorption exhibited a first-stage linear increase followed by a rapid drop after 30% burnoff. Similarly, iodine adsorption first increased linearly, but it held as the burnoff exceeded 40%, which implied that the reduction of iodine adsorption due to decreasing micropores was partially made up by increasing mesopores. Both raw chars and activated chars showed appreciable adsorption capacity of methylene-blue comparable with that of commercial carbons. Thus, tire-derived activated carbons can be used as an excellent mesoporous adsorbent for larger molecular species. 相似文献
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235.
Titanium dioxide films were prepared on glass, indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass and p-type monocrystalline silicon and studied for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B in an aqueous medium. Raman, AFM, and XPS spectroscopic investigations of these films indicated that microstructure of titanium oxide films were greatly affected by the substrate materials. Rutile was confirmed to be easily formed on the surface of ITO glass, and TiO2 tended to grow as closely packed particles that were elongated strips with an average size of 20 nm, and had lovely contrast with the perfectly round particles grown on p-type monocrystalline silicon. Charge transfer between the film and silicon substrate was verified by surface photovoltage spectra. This may be the real reason why the films grown on ITO glass and silicon substrates exhibit higher photocatalytic reactivity than the film on glass substrate. Moreover, the different surface properties also seem to be responsible for the different activity. 相似文献
236.
Reductive dechlorination of non-ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyls by ultraviolet irradiation in alkaline 2-propanol 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yuan Yao Kohji Kakimoto Hiroaki I. Ogawa Yasuhiko Kato Yoshifumi Hanada Ryota Shinohara Eiichi Yoshino 《Chemosphere》1997,35(12):2891-2897
The photodechlorination pathways of 3,3′,4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl (3,3′,4,5,5′-PentaCB) and the related lower polychlorinated biphenyl congeners irradiated at 254 nm in alkaline 2-propanol were elucidated. Steric effect is the most important factor for controlling the dechlorination pattern of these substrates. Electronic effect also influences the photoreactivity of chlorine substituents. 相似文献
237.
Zhao Chenxu Lin Xiaojuan Ji Feng Xiong Ping Liu Yao Wang Suting Chen Peng Xu Qing Zhang Li Tao Zexin Xu Aiqiang 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(4):321-332
Food and Environmental Virology - We present the results of environmental surveillance for poliovirus (PV) and non-poliovirus (NPEV) around the switch from trivalent to bivalent oral polio-vaccine... 相似文献
238.
为探究DIDP(Di-iso-decyl phthalate,邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯)对肝脏的影响及其可能的分子机制,以昆明小鼠为研究对象,选用Res(resveratrol,白藜芦醇)为抗氧化剂,分别设置对照组,0.15、1.5、15、150 mg/(kg·d)DIDP组,Res组,150 mg/(kg·d)DIDP+Res组,灌胃染毒9 d后,对小鼠肝脏切片进行HE染色观察,并检测ROS(reactive oxygen,活性氧)、GSH(glutathione,谷胱甘肽)、MDA(malondialdehyde,丙二醛)、Cyt-C(cytochromec,细胞色素C)、Caspase-3和血清中的ALT(alanine aminotransferase,丙氨酸氨基转移酶)含量.结果表明:与对照组相比,15、150 mg/(kg·d)DIDP组小鼠血清中ALT含量极显著上升(P < 0.01);HE染色结果显示,15、150 mg/(kg·d)DIDP组小鼠出现肝细胞水肿、肝索紊乱、肝窦以及肝中央静脉扩张等现象;15、150 mg/(kg·d)DIDP组小鼠肝脏ROS含量显著上升(P < 0.05),GSH含量显著下降(P < 0.05),150 mg/(kg·d)DIDP组小鼠肝脏MDA含量极显著上升(P < 0.01);1.5、15、150 mg/(kg·d)DIDP组小鼠肝脏中c(Cyt-C)极显著上升(P < 0.01);15、150 mg/(kg·d)DIDP组小鼠肝脏中Caspase-3表达量极显著上升(P < 0.01).DIDP染毒剂量的增加对肝脏的各种损伤程度呈上升趋势,Res可减轻上述DIDP对肝脏造成的各种损伤.研究显示,15、150 mg/(kg·d)DIDP可诱导肝脏组织氧化应激水平上升,进而造成线粒体损伤,导致细胞凋亡,造成肝功能受损,因此,线粒体-Caspase途径可能是DIDP诱导肝脏损伤的潜在机制之一. 相似文献
239.
为获得耐低温且絮凝优异的絮凝菌,对一株分离得到的絮凝菌进行紫外诱变和5℃低温胁迫培养,并对诱变优势菌进行应用条件优化.结果表明:①原始菌为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus).②紫外诱变和低温胁迫培养得到的目标诱变菌FB-5对生活污水絮凝率达75.35%,具有良好的遗传稳定性.③单因素试验确定最佳絮凝条件,即絮凝菌投加量为0.90 mL/(50 mL)、pH为7.4、助凝剂加量为1.0 mL/(50 mL)、处理时间为15 min;筛选出影响诱变菌絮凝能力最显著的3个因素为絮凝菌投加量、pH和助凝剂加量;通过Box-Behnken响应面试验得到最佳净化的应用条件,即絮凝菌投加量为0.90 mL/(50 mL)、pH为7.38、助凝剂加量为1.04 mL/(50 mL).④验证试验确定絮凝率达97.01%,BOD5、CODCr、浊度和色度去除率均达到97%以上,出水水质满足GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准.研究显示,紫外诱变联合低温胁迫技术以及单因素与响应面结合优化絮凝条件可以大幅度提高原始菌株的絮凝能力,低温诱变菌FM-5能使高寒地区城市生活污水中悬浮固体大幅降低,同时去除水体中多种污染物. 相似文献
240.
为研究增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP)对小鼠学习和记忆能力的影响,以白藜芦醇(Res)作为保护剂,将42只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为6组,每组7只,分别为:生理盐水组、1.5,15,150mg/(kg·d) DIDP组、20mg/(kg·d) Res组、150mg/(kg·d) DIDP+20mg/(kg·d) Res组.连续灌胃染毒9d,期间同时进行Morris水迷宫实验.第10d将小鼠处死,取出脑组织,检测活性氧簇(ROS)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的含量.并对小鼠海马体切片进行H&E染色,观察病理变化.结果显示,15,150mg/(kg·d) DIDP染毒可导致小鼠的学习和记忆能力显著低于对照组,同时可诱发脑组织产生氧化应激,并促进炎症因子释放,而Res能有效减弱脑组织氧化应激水平.由上可得,DIDP致小鼠学习和记忆能力下降可能与其引起的脑组织中海马体的氧化损伤有关,同时Res可能通过降低DIDP引起的氧化应激进而减轻其对小鼠造成的学习记忆损伤. 相似文献