攀钢脱硫提钒转炉袋式除尘系统改造

针对脱硫提钒转炉区域的环境污染问题,攀钢通过采用先进的除尘技术和设备,对脱硫提钒转炉袋式除尘系统进行了彻底的改造.通过连续监测结果表明:该系统的污染物排放浓度达到了<国家钢铁工业污染物排放标准>的环保要求,工作和生产现场环境得到明显改善,同时取得了较大的经济和环境效益.     

桑沟湾养殖水域春季和夏季营养限制的现场实验

采用营养加富生物测定法现场实验研究了桑沟湾养殖水域浮游植物的营养限制.结果表明,桑沟湾牡蛎和扇贝养殖水域在春季及夏季均不存在营养限制问题;海带养殖水域在春季存在Si营养限制,而在夏季存在N营养限制.讨论了在养殖海域进行营养限制研究的方法,提出了群落培养的营养加富现场实验方法是在养殖水域进行营养限制研究的有效方法.     

潜流人工湿地氮循环生态动力学模型研究

人工湿地作为一种新型的处理技术,在水环境保护中具有重要的意义和广阔的应用前景。然而目前人工湿地的设计和运行主要是建立在统计数据和经验公式的基础上,对人工湿地去除污染物的内在机制尚缺乏定量化的认识。通过对潜流人工湿地氮循环生态动力学模型的研究,系统地分析了潜流人工湿地中氮素的去除机制,对将来完善人工湿地处理技术的设计、运行和预测方法具有一定的借鉴意义。     

环境NGO及其制度机理

环境NGO是政府和企业之外参预环境治理的＂第三力量＂,其活动涵盖了环境治理的各个方面。环境NGO的非政府性、非营利性和自发性等特征,使其在环境治理中发挥了不可替代的作用。作为一种具有创新性的制度安排,环境NGO突破了政府主导环境治理的局限,实现了环境治理制度的多样化。其作用机理在于环境利益的诉求主体明确,交易成本较低,治理结构合理等。中国环境NGO制度尚不完善,整体水平较低,亟需加以改进。     

The Urbanization Pattern of China in the 21st Century

The 21st century is referred to as a "century for cities"or "era for cities", and China has also speeded up its processof urbanization, which will bring massive influence to theeconomic development of the country and also to theworld. Joseph E. Stiglize, a winner of The Nobel Prize onEconomy, said that (the urbanization in China and thedevelopment of high technologies in the United Stateswill be two major subjects with a profound effect to thedevelopment of all mankind in the 21st century) …     

兰州市沙尘天气与痤疮门诊量的时间序列

研究沙尘天气、非沙尘天气下颗粒物（PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀）对痤疮门诊量的影响,并进行性别、年龄分层研究,筛选敏感人群.收集了2013~2017年兰州市沙尘期与非沙尘期3家三甲医院痤疮门诊量资料、大气颗粒物及气象数据,采用基于泊松分布的分布滞后非线性模型（DLNM）,控制气象因素、季节性和长期趋势、星期几效应等混杂因素,分析沙尘期与非沙尘期颗粒物对痤疮门诊量的影响及滞后效应.结果表明：沙尘期时,兰州市3家三甲医院痤疮日均门诊量为26人次,范围3~54人次.非沙尘期时痤疮日均门诊量为37人次,范围1~89人次;单污染物模型显示,PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀均在滞后第6d （lag6）时效应量达到最大值,其浓度每增加10μg/m³,痤疮门诊量的超额危险度（ER）及95%可信区间（95% CI）分别为1.065（95% CI：0.260~1.877）、0.355（95% CI：0.018~0.693）、0.310（95% CI：0.054~0.567）,PM_2.5对痤疮门诊量的影响最为显著;性别及年龄分层发现,性别分层中PM_2.5对女性的影响有统计学意义,其浓度每增加10μg/m³,痤疮门诊量增加1.077（95% CI：0.124~2.039）;年龄分层中,0~18岁组受PM_C、PM₁₀影响显著,19~24岁组受PM_2.5、PM₁₀影响显著,各颗粒物对25~34岁组及≥35岁组效应无统计学意义.在非沙尘期时,PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀不引起痤疮门诊量增加.双/多污染物模型显示,分别调整其他污染物后,PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀对痤疮门诊量的影响与单污染物模型类似,仍具有统计学意义.兰州市沙尘天气下大气颗粒物（PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀）可使痤疮门诊量增加,对女性及青少年影响显著.     

建筑垃圾产量预测与时空特征研究:以南京江北新区为例

建筑垃圾的产量预测与时空特征分析是制定城市建筑垃圾资源化管理方案的重要参考依据。界定了建筑垃圾的定义与分类,提出基于情景分析的单位建筑面积建筑垃圾产量预测方法,并以南京市江北新区直管区为例,采集控制性详细规划、倾斜摄影地图、地形图、百度全景地图、年度在建施工项目与征收项目清单等基础资料,对江北新区直管区近期（2018年）与远期（2019—2030年）的拆建垃圾产量进行估算与分析;同时借助ArcGIS技术,采用核密度分析实现拆建垃圾空间分布的可视化与特征分析,为后续建筑垃圾资源化处置方案设计提供基础数据与决策依据。     

Relationships of ozone formation sensitivity with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types, in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China

Due to the influences of precursors emissions, meteorology, geography and other factors, ozone formation sensitivity (OFS) is generally spatially and temporally heterogeneous. This study characterized detailed spatial and temporal variations of OFS in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 2012 to 2016 based on OMI satellite data, and analyzed the relationships of OFS with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types (LUTs). From 2012 to 2016, the OFS tended to be NO_x-limited in GBA, with the value of FNR (HCHO/NO₂) increasing from 2.04 to 2.22. According to the total annual emission statistics of precursors, NO_x emissions decreased by 33.1% and VOCs emissions increased by 35.2% from 2012 to 2016, directly resulting in OFS tending to be NO_x-limited. The Grey Relation Analysis results show that total column water (TCW), surface net solar radiation (SSR), air temperature at 2 m (T2) and surface pressure (SP) are the top four meteorological factors with the greatest influences on OFS. There are significant positive correlations between FNR and T2, SSR, TCW, and significant negative correlations between FNR and SP. In GBA, the OFS tends to be NO_x-limited regime in wet season (higher T2, SSR, TCW and lower SP) and VOCs-limited regime in dry season (lower T2, SSR, TCW and higher SP). The FNR displays obvious gradient variations on different LUTs, with the highest in “Rural areas”, second in “Suburban areas” and lowest in “Urban areas”.     

Sources and health risks of PM2.5-bound polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in a North China rural area

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which have high toxicity, bioaccumulation and long-distance transfer capability. Daily variation, sources of PCBs and OCPs in PM_2.5 are rarely explored in polluted rural area. Here, the sources and health risks of the PCBs and OCPs were evaluated for 48 PM_2.5 samples collected in winter 2017 in Wangdu, a heavy polluted rural area in the North China Plain. The average diurnal and nocturnal concentrations of Σ₁₈PCBs and Σ₁₅OCPs were 1.74-24.37 and 1.77-100.49, 11.67-408.81 and 16.89-865.60 pg/m³, respectively. Hexa-CBs and penta-CBs accounted for higher proportions (29.0% and 33.6%) of clean and polluted samples, respectively. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was the dominant contributor to OCPs with an average concentration of 116.17 pg/m³. Hexachlorocyclohexane (ΣHCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ΣDDTs) were the other two main classes in OCPs with the average concentrations of 4.33 and 15.89 pg/m³, respectively. β-HCH and p,p’-DDE were the main degradation products of HCHs and DDTs, respectively. The principal component analysis and characteristic ratio method indicated both waste incineration and industrial activities were the main sources of PCBs, contributing 76.8% and 12.7%, respectively. The loadings of OCPs were attributed to their application characteristics and the characteristic ratio method reflected a current or past use of OCPs. Health risk assessment showed that the respiratory exposure quantity of doxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) and the lifetime cancer risk from airborne OCPs exposure was negligible, while the other exposure modes may pose a risk to human bodies.     

甲型流感的流行与防控分析及其对新冠肺炎疫情的启示

目前新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情在全球流行,对人类生命健康造成威胁.对甲型流感这一常见传染病进行流行特征、影响因素和防控措施分析,回顾总结全球为防控甲型流感做出的努力及相关科学研究成果,为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情提供防控经验和研究思路.结果表明:①甲型流感呈季节性流行,受气候、社会、政治和文化等多因素影响,在低温低湿、人口密集的环境中表现出强流行性.②甲型流感防控研究工作主要包括季节性流感病毒监测、流感病毒的生态学研究、广谱中和抗体及通用疫苗的研究、应对流感大流行的病原学风险评估四方面,其中季节性流感病毒监测是制定公共卫生政策及后续研究的核心防控措施.③与甲型流感类似,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行受温度等气候因素影响,同时社会、政治、文化等因素也影响其传播,亟需借鉴较成熟的甲型流感的防控经验、技术和平台.建议在加强病毒监测的同时,深入开展病毒生态学研究、病原学风险评估和药物开发,对完善疫情防控工作和预警预测未来可能出现的二次暴发及传播至关重要.研究结果将为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情和未来传染病疫情的防控及预测预警提供参考和研究思路.