SACT污泥全机械化堆肥工艺与自动控制系统

阐述了SACT-BII污泥堆肥工艺以及自动控制系统组成,介绍了混料控制系统、发酵仓控制系统、物料输送控制系统等三个子系统,分析了工艺目的和过程控制。结论为:机械化堆肥实现的关键在于自动控制系统的设计,成败取决于自动控制系统的可靠性。运行良好的自动控制系统可以为污泥机械化堆肥项目大型化提供技术支撑。     

太湖金墅湾水源保护区陆域水质特征

水源保护区陆域良好的水质是供水安全的重要保证。为探讨太湖地区水源保护区陆域水质现状及陆域污染对水源地取水口水质的影响,以太湖金墅湾水源保护区为研究对象,对陆域河流、入湖河口及邻近湖区进行了系统的调查。结果表明：陆域水质氮含量超过国家Ⅳ类水标准,污染程度高于湖区,其中以硝态氮为主的农业非点源污染对水源地水质构成较大威胁;磷含量维持在Ⅲ类水质,污染程度较小。保护区河流污染受季节性变化影响显著,且存在明显的空间差异。     

广州市城市污泥处理方法

介绍了水泥窑协同处理城市污泥技术、利用城市污泥生产有机肥技术、城市污泥新型压滤机深度脱水技术及污泥改性技术,分析了它们的工艺特点、存在问题、对策及城市污泥处理处置的趋势。认为应当采用多种技术使城市污泥无害化与资源化,在自然界中应建立城市污泥的健康循环,使城市环境可持续发展。     

活性炭辅助O_3/UV高级氧化处理钻井废水

文章探讨了活性炭、O3和UV联合处理钻井废水的可行性。结果表明,在相同的操作条件下,O3/UV处理法对钻井废水的去除率不高且极不稳定(去除率在5.8%~16.1%间变化)。加入活性炭作为反应载体后,系统显示出较强的氧化降解能力,去除率提高到23.6%,而改进曝气方式后可达到35%的处理率。分析表明,作为载体的活性炭在反应中起到至关重要的作用。     

通辽市污水排放现状调研及污灌的可行性分析

利用经过处理的污水进行农田灌溉,是缓解农业灌溉水资源短缺的重要战略之一。通过对通辽地区近年来污水排放情况,再生水灌溉现状以及用于再生水灌溉的水质进行调查和分析,提出了通辽市再生水灌溉农田的可行性,并进行了相关的经济效益和生态环境效益分析。     

A model and experimental study of phosphate uptake kinetics in algae: Considering surface adsorption and P-stress

Phosphorus is an important limiting nutrient in many ecosystems. Consequently, there is increasing interest on phosphate uptake and algal growth due to the increasing frequency and magnitude of algal blooms induced by eutrophication. The co-existence of surface adsorbed and intracellular phosphorus pools indicate that phosphate uptake by phytoplankton is, to some extent, a two-stage kinetic process. However, almost all previous uptake models considered the internal uptake stage only and ignored the possible impact of surface adsoption. In this article, a two-stage kinetic uptake model considering both surface adsorption and P-stress on phosphate uptake by algae was constructed and compared to conventional one-stage models, based on experimental data on short-term uptake kinetics of a green algae S. quadricauda. Results indicated that with suitable parameters, the two-stage uptake model not only fit the experimental data better, but also gave more reasonable and realistic explanations to the phosphate uptake process. The results are meaningful as surface-adsorption of phosphate may a ect the uptake process of phosphate and assist in understanding realistic phosphate uptake kinetics in phytoplankton.     

东、黄海生源要素的埋藏通量及其时空分布特征

通过对东、黄海海域2006年4月、10月航次的调查,结合210Pb数据,测定了4个站位200余年来沉积物中生源要素(总氮、总磷、总有机碳)的埋藏通量。从时间分布特征可以看出, 4个站位中,总氮(TN)的埋藏通量均自底层向表层逐步上升,到上个世纪五、六十年代左右达到较大值后便呈波动下降趋势;总磷(TP)在各站位的埋藏通量的变化比较稳定,几乎没有明显的峰值,均自底层到表层逐渐降低。总有机碳(TOC)的埋藏通量自底层到表层逐步升高,其中10594,10694站位在上世纪六十年代左右均出现了最高值,12694及H1-18站位在上世纪四十年代出现了相对高值,而后便呈下降趋势;从生源要素埋藏通量的空间分布特征可以看出,南黄海各生源要素埋藏通量的平均值分布可能与黑潮流系的影响强弱不同有关,即黑潮流系影响越强初级生产力越弱,生源要素埋藏通量越低,反之则越高;而H1-18站位生源要素的埋藏通量变化特点较为复杂,原因可能与其所处海域水文条件复杂,受陆源影响较大有关。     

基于Theil指数KAYA分解的中国碳排放差异性分析

为了量化2005至2010年中国各省区市之间碳排放差异性及其变化趋势,本文运用Theil指数KAYA分解方法进行研究,结果表明:全国人均碳排放差异逐年减小,能源强度是差异的主要影响因素,人均GDP是人均碳排放差异缩小的主要原因;东中西部和东北地区区域划分方法的组内差异大于组间差异,且中西部地区内部差异是造成全国差异的主要原因;相对"十一五"能源强度目标分解,"十二五"碳强度目标分解已考虑省市区差异,但其基本上根据人均GDP差异进行分组,且很大程度沿用了东中西部和东北地区区域划分。因此,建议在对各省区市分配减排指标时,考虑各地经济发展水平差异的同时兼顾产业结构和资源禀赋,并根据中西部地区内部排放差异将目标分解方案精细化     

常村煤矿综掘面合理除尘方式选择及其应用

为了合理选择常村煤矿综掘面除尘的通风方式,本文根据煤矿中常用的通风方式和气固两相流的理论,利用fluent非稳态的数值模拟方法来模拟压入式和长压短抽两种不同通风方式下常村煤矿掘进面粉尘的运移规律以及司机处粉尘浓度分布,并进行了现场实测验证。结果表明:对于粉尘运移模型,采用非稳态的求解器要比稳态的求解器更加精确;在长压短抽通风方式下,涡流对粉尘运移影响较大,可以通过调整风速和除尘风机的负压来减小涡流的影响区域;采用长压短轴的通风方式比压入式通风方式在数值模拟情况下,前者比后者掘进机前部的粉尘浓度降低了22.2%,通过现场实测得到其降低了31.6%,巷道中部粉尘的平均浓度可由508mg/m3下降到185mg/m3,降幅为63.6%,表明长压短抽通风方式数值模拟和现场实测都要优于压入式通风方式;此外,需要在掘进机的前面和回风侧增加除尘措施,以确保司机处的粉尘浓度符合标准。     

Effect of wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) on fine particle (PM2.5) emission from coal-fired boilers

In this study, the characteristics of fine particles before and after wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD) in three coal-fired heating boilers in northern China were investigated by using a dilution-based emission sampling experimental system. The influences of the WFGD process on the mass and number concentrations as well as the chemical composition of fine particles were analyzed. The removal efficiency of desulfurization processes on particulate matter mass was 30.06%–56.25% for the three study units. The WFGD had a great influence on the size distributions of particle mass concentration and number concentration. A significant increase in the number and mass concentration of particles in the size range of 0.094–0.946 μm was observed. The watersoluble ion content accounted for a very large proportion of PM_(2.5) mass, and its proportion in PM_(2.5) increased from 28.39%–41.08% to 48.96%–61.21% after the WFGD process for the three units. The desulfurizing process also drastically increased the proportion of cation component(Ca~(2+) for unit A, Mg~(2+) for unit B, and Na+for unit C) and the proportion of SO_4~(2-) in PM_(2.5), and it increased the CE/AE values of PM_(2.5) from 0.82–0.98 to 0.93–1.27 for the three study units.