Resolving the influence of nitrogen abundances on sediment organic matter in macrophyte-dominated lakes,using fluorescence spectroscopy

A controlled experiment was designed to resolve the influence of nitrogen abundance on sediment organic matters in macrophyte-dominated lakes using fluorescence analysis.Macrophyte biomass showed coincident growth trends with time, but different variation rates with nitrogen treatment. All plant growth indexes with nitrogen addition(N, NH4Cl100, 200, 400 mg/kg, respectively) were lower than those of the control group. Four humiclike components, two autochthonous tryptophan-like components, and one autochthonous tyrosine-like component were identified using the parallel factor analysis model. The results suggested that the relative component changes of fluorescence in the colonized sediments were in direct relation to the change of root biomass with time. In the experiment, the root formation parameters of the plants studied were significantly affected by adding N in sediments, which may be related to the reason that the root growth was affected by N addition.Adding a low concentration of N to sediments can play a part in supplying nutrients to the plants. However, the intensive uptake of NH4+may result in an increase in the intracellular concentration of ammonia, which is highly toxic to the plant cells. Hence, our experiment results manifested that organic matter cycling in the macrophyte-dominated sediment was influenced by nitrogen enrichment through influencing vegetation and relevant microbial activity.     

超声Fenton法处理毒死蜱中间体废水的工艺优化

针对毒死蜱中间体生产的化工废水有机物浓度高、生物抑制性强的特点,以实际生产废水为研究对象,基于响应曲面法,进行了超声/Fenton法降解有机物效能研究与运行参数的优化.结果表明:1通过单因素试验确定响应曲面设计的自变量中心点为H2O2投加量0.5 mol/L、Fe2+投加量0.93 g/L、反应时间90 min.2采用Box-Behnken试验设计,建立了以H2O2及Fe2+投加量、反应时间为自变量的回归模型,经方差分析,模型显著(P0.000 1);对有机物去除率影响最大的因素为Fe2+投加量,其与反应时间的交互作用显著.3最优工况为H2O2投加量0.7 mol/L、Fe2+投加量1.36 g/L、反应时间96 min,该条件下模型预测CODCr去除率为96.63%,试验值与模型预测值的相对误差为1.36%,出水水质指标远低于GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》三级标准,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(CODCr)从0.09升至0.22,CODCr单位去除负荷的H2O2及Fe2+用量相对较低,分别为0.14 mmol/mg和0.28 mg/mg.研究显示,采用超声/Fenton法处理高浓度难降解有机废水可有效提高CODCr去除率及其可生化性.     

基于孤立电网的综合故障诊断系统设计与实现

针对孤立电力系统的特点及其在线监测方面存在的问题,基于TCP/IP协议的光纤局域网接口技术,运用C++和汇编语言,依托100/1 000 Mbps以太网通讯技术,采用分层分布式结构,设计了孤立电网综合故障诊断系统。实现孤立电网设备的在线状态监测、电气量动态记录、故障预报、故障分析等功能。结果表明:该系统通过监测系统负荷变化、谐波含量、频率变化,有效解决了孤立电网的监测和电能质量问题,在孤立电网发生故障时,可迅速采取有效措施,减小孤立电网故障对主网的冲击,避免设备损坏,确保了电力系统运行的稳定性。     

MTMD对高速铁路32m预应力混凝土简支箱梁竖向振动特性的影响分析

为降低京沪高速铁路苏州北站候车厅受桥梁振动的影响,拟在正线32m预应力混凝土简支箱梁内安装多重调频质量阻尼器(MTMD)。通过建立车—桥—MTMD竖向动力分析模型,分析MTMD对32m简支箱梁竖向振动特性的影响。计算结果表明,加装MTMD后,32m简支箱梁一阶竖向自振频率有所降低,32m简支箱梁的竖向振动响应明显减小。     

The Urbanization Pattern of China in the 21st Century

The 21st century is referred to as a "century for cities"or "era for cities", and China has also speeded up its processof urbanization, which will bring massive influence to theeconomic development of the country and also to theworld. Joseph E. Stiglize, a winner of The Nobel Prize onEconomy, said that (the urbanization in China and thedevelopment of high technologies in the United Stateswill be two major subjects with a profound effect to thedevelopment of all mankind in the 21st century) …     

兰州市沙尘天气与痤疮门诊量的时间序列

研究沙尘天气、非沙尘天气下颗粒物（PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀）对痤疮门诊量的影响,并进行性别、年龄分层研究,筛选敏感人群.收集了2013~2017年兰州市沙尘期与非沙尘期3家三甲医院痤疮门诊量资料、大气颗粒物及气象数据,采用基于泊松分布的分布滞后非线性模型（DLNM）,控制气象因素、季节性和长期趋势、星期几效应等混杂因素,分析沙尘期与非沙尘期颗粒物对痤疮门诊量的影响及滞后效应.结果表明：沙尘期时,兰州市3家三甲医院痤疮日均门诊量为26人次,范围3~54人次.非沙尘期时痤疮日均门诊量为37人次,范围1~89人次;单污染物模型显示,PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀均在滞后第6d （lag6）时效应量达到最大值,其浓度每增加10μg/m³,痤疮门诊量的超额危险度（ER）及95%可信区间（95% CI）分别为1.065（95% CI：0.260~1.877）、0.355（95% CI：0.018~0.693）、0.310（95% CI：0.054~0.567）,PM_2.5对痤疮门诊量的影响最为显著;性别及年龄分层发现,性别分层中PM_2.5对女性的影响有统计学意义,其浓度每增加10μg/m³,痤疮门诊量增加1.077（95% CI：0.124~2.039）;年龄分层中,0~18岁组受PM_C、PM₁₀影响显著,19~24岁组受PM_2.5、PM₁₀影响显著,各颗粒物对25~34岁组及≥35岁组效应无统计学意义.在非沙尘期时,PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀不引起痤疮门诊量增加.双/多污染物模型显示,分别调整其他污染物后,PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀对痤疮门诊量的影响与单污染物模型类似,仍具有统计学意义.兰州市沙尘天气下大气颗粒物（PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀）可使痤疮门诊量增加,对女性及青少年影响显著.     

建筑垃圾产量预测与时空特征研究:以南京江北新区为例

建筑垃圾的产量预测与时空特征分析是制定城市建筑垃圾资源化管理方案的重要参考依据。界定了建筑垃圾的定义与分类,提出基于情景分析的单位建筑面积建筑垃圾产量预测方法,并以南京市江北新区直管区为例,采集控制性详细规划、倾斜摄影地图、地形图、百度全景地图、年度在建施工项目与征收项目清单等基础资料,对江北新区直管区近期（2018年）与远期（2019—2030年）的拆建垃圾产量进行估算与分析;同时借助ArcGIS技术,采用核密度分析实现拆建垃圾空间分布的可视化与特征分析,为后续建筑垃圾资源化处置方案设计提供基础数据与决策依据。     

Relationships of ozone formation sensitivity with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types, in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China

Due to the influences of precursors emissions, meteorology, geography and other factors, ozone formation sensitivity (OFS) is generally spatially and temporally heterogeneous. This study characterized detailed spatial and temporal variations of OFS in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 2012 to 2016 based on OMI satellite data, and analyzed the relationships of OFS with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types (LUTs). From 2012 to 2016, the OFS tended to be NO_x-limited in GBA, with the value of FNR (HCHO/NO₂) increasing from 2.04 to 2.22. According to the total annual emission statistics of precursors, NO_x emissions decreased by 33.1% and VOCs emissions increased by 35.2% from 2012 to 2016, directly resulting in OFS tending to be NO_x-limited. The Grey Relation Analysis results show that total column water (TCW), surface net solar radiation (SSR), air temperature at 2 m (T2) and surface pressure (SP) are the top four meteorological factors with the greatest influences on OFS. There are significant positive correlations between FNR and T2, SSR, TCW, and significant negative correlations between FNR and SP. In GBA, the OFS tends to be NO_x-limited regime in wet season (higher T2, SSR, TCW and lower SP) and VOCs-limited regime in dry season (lower T2, SSR, TCW and higher SP). The FNR displays obvious gradient variations on different LUTs, with the highest in “Rural areas”, second in “Suburban areas” and lowest in “Urban areas”.     

Magnetically recoverable Fe3O4@polydopamine nanocomposite as an excellent co-catalyst for Fe3+ reduction in advanced oxidation processes

Advanced oxidation processes are widely applied to removal of persistent toxic substances from wastewater by hydroxyl radicals(·OH),which is generated from hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) decomposition.However,their practical applications have been hampered by many strict conditions,such as iron sludge,rigid pH condition,large doses of hydrogen peroxide and Fe~(2+),etc.Herein,a magnetically recyclable Fe_3O_4@polydopamine(Fe_3O_4@PDA) coreshell nanocomposite was fabricated.As an excellent reducing agent,it can convert Fe~(3+)to Fe~(2+).Combined with the coordination of polydopamine and ferric ions,the production of iron sludge is inhibited.The minimum concentration of hydrogen peroxide(0.2 mmol/L and Fe~(2+)(0.18 mmol/L)) is 150-fold and 100-fold lower than that of previous reports,respectively.It also exhibits excellent degradation performance over a wide pH range from 3.0 to 9.0.Even after the tenth recycling,it still achieves over 99% degradation efficiency with the total organic carbon degradation rate of 80%,which is environmentally benign and has a large economic advantage.This discovery paves a way for extensive practical application of advanced oxidation processes,especially in environmental remediation.     

Sources and health risks of PM2.5-bound polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in a North China rural area

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which have high toxicity, bioaccumulation and long-distance transfer capability. Daily variation, sources of PCBs and OCPs in PM_2.5 are rarely explored in polluted rural area. Here, the sources and health risks of the PCBs and OCPs were evaluated for 48 PM_2.5 samples collected in winter 2017 in Wangdu, a heavy polluted rural area in the North China Plain. The average diurnal and nocturnal concentrations of Σ₁₈PCBs and Σ₁₅OCPs were 1.74-24.37 and 1.77-100.49, 11.67-408.81 and 16.89-865.60 pg/m³, respectively. Hexa-CBs and penta-CBs accounted for higher proportions (29.0% and 33.6%) of clean and polluted samples, respectively. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was the dominant contributor to OCPs with an average concentration of 116.17 pg/m³. Hexachlorocyclohexane (ΣHCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ΣDDTs) were the other two main classes in OCPs with the average concentrations of 4.33 and 15.89 pg/m³, respectively. β-HCH and p,p’-DDE were the main degradation products of HCHs and DDTs, respectively. The principal component analysis and characteristic ratio method indicated both waste incineration and industrial activities were the main sources of PCBs, contributing 76.8% and 12.7%, respectively. The loadings of OCPs were attributed to their application characteristics and the characteristic ratio method reflected a current or past use of OCPs. Health risk assessment showed that the respiratory exposure quantity of doxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) and the lifetime cancer risk from airborne OCPs exposure was negligible, while the other exposure modes may pose a risk to human bodies.