Effect of dissolved organic matter on nitrate-nitrogen removal by anion exchange resin and kinetics studies

The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from the model contaminated water have been investigated utilizing the strong base anion exchange resins. With the increase of gallic acid concentration from 0 to 400 mg/L, the adsorption amount of nitrate-nitrogen on the commercial resins, including D201, Purolite A 300 (A300) and Purolite A 520E (A520E), would significantly decrease. However, the presence of tannin acid has little impact on nitrate-nitrogen adsorption on them. Compared to D201 and A300 resins, A520E resin exhibited more preferable adsorption ability toward nitrate-nitrogen in the presence of competing organic molecules, such as gallic acid and tannin acid at greater levels in aqueous solution. Attractively, the equilibrium data showed that the adsorption isotherm of nitrate-nitrogen on A520E resin was in good agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The rate parameters for the intra particle diffusion have been estimated for the different initial concentrations. In batch adsorption processes, nitrate-nitrogen diffuse in porous adsorbent and rate process usually depends on t 1/2 rather than the contact time. The pseudo first- and the second-order kinetic models fit better for nitrate-nitrogen adsorption onto A520E resin. The observations reported herein illustrated that A520E resin will be an excellent adsorbent for enhanced removal of nitrate-nitrogen from contaminated groundwater.     

Life cycle and economic assessment of enhanced ecological floating beds applied water purification

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The ecological floating beds (EFB) are widely used in water quality restoration because of its low cost, high efficiency, and green characteristics....     

采暖锅炉氧腐蚀的原因与防腐对策

热水锅炉及其采暖系统在运行和停运期间都存在较严重的氧腐蚀,但由于主客观原因的限制,并没有引起人们的高度重视.氧腐蚀对锅炉及其采暖系统运行的安全性和经济性造成重大影响,严重时引起爆管,被迫停炉等危害.大力提倡节能减排的今天,延长锅炉的寿命,促进安全经济生产意义重大.本论文分析总结采暖锅炉目前的水质与防腐工作的现状,同时提出了对采暖锅炉今后锅炉及热力管网防腐的对策.     

液桥凝聚用于办公废纸脱墨的研究

研究了混合办公废纸脱墨的选择性凝聚技术，在废纸浆中添加分散在水中并不与水相溶的长链烷作凝聚剂，这些凝聚剂选择性地将印刷墨粉通过液桥连结在一起，且形成大颗粒的球形聚团，再分选脱除。研究表明只需要加入占纸重量4％的廉价长链烷，即可获得95％以上的脱墨率。因此在混合办公废纸脱墨时加入凝聚剂进行液桥凝聚，可降低脱墨浆中的尘埃度并增加产品的白度。     

Advances in emission control of diesel vehicles in China

Diesel vehicles have caused serious environmental problems in China. Hence, the Chinese government has launched serious actions against air pollution and imposed more stringent regulations on diesel vehicle emissions in the latest China VI standard. To fulfill this stringent legislation, two major technical routes, including the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high-efficiency selective catalytic reduction (SCR) routes, have been developed for diesel engines. Moreover, complicated aftertreatment technologies have also been developed, including use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for controlling carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, diesel particulate filter (DPF) for particle mass (PM) emission control, SCR for the control of NOx emission, and an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) for the control of unreacted NH₃. Due to the stringent requirements of the China VI standard, the aftertreatment system needs to be more deeply integrated with the engine system. In the future, aftertreatment technologies will need further upgrades to fulfill the requirements of the near-zero emission target for diesel vehicles.     

海洋石油勘探开发溢油环境污染损害风险可保性研究

海洋石油勘探开发溢油污染是最为严重的海洋环境损害之一,其发生带来了巨额的赔偿、补偿。因此,开展海洋石油勘探开发溢油环境污染损害责任保险的专项研究十分重要,风险可保性作为确定保险标的的关键是研究的基础。本文运用法学及经济学理论,分析了海洋石油勘探开发溢油环境污染损害风险基于可保性“经典定义”存在的不足,以及基于可保性“现代定义”优化的可行性。同时,运用海洋数值模拟技术,选取渤海为示例海域,分析了溢油污染损害风险影响范围的可预测性,论证了海洋石油勘探开发溢油环境污染损害风险的可保性。     

江西锦江流域抗生素污染特征与生态风险评价

利用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法,测定分析了江西省锦江流域地表水、地下水、生活污水和养殖废水中8种磺胺类、9种喹诺酮类、4种四环素类、4种大环内酯类和2种硝基咪唑类共27种抗生素的浓度和分布特征.结果表明,锦江流域水体存在抗生素的污染,地表水中共检出20种抗生素,浓度范围为32.3~280 ng·L^-1.地下水中检出15种抗生素,浓度范围为28.4~55.8 ng·L^-1.废水中检出21种抗生素,浓度范围为231~8.71×10⁴ ng·L^-1.与国内外河流湖泊中8种常见抗生素浓度进行对比表明,锦江流域污染程度处于中等水平.对比国内外地下水中磺胺甲唑浓度可知,锦江流域地下水中磺胺甲唑污染程度中等偏下.与国内外养殖厂废水中3种抗生素浓度对比可知,锦江流域养殖废水中磺胺嘧啶的污染程度较高.生态风险评价结果表明,研究区中高风险抗生素有9种,分别是克拉霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星、磺胺噻唑、罗红霉素、四环素、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和磺胺甲唑,其余为低风险或无风险.     

Effect of wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) on fine particle (PM2.5) emission from coal-fired boilers

In this study, the characteristics of fine particles before and after wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD) in three coal-fired heating boilers in northern China were investigated by using a dilution-based emission sampling experimental system. The influences of the WFGD process on the mass and number concentrations as well as the chemical composition of fine particles were analyzed. The removal efficiency of desulfurization processes on particulate matter mass was 30.06%–56.25% for the three study units. The WFGD had a great influence on the size distributions of particle mass concentration and number concentration. A significant increase in the number and mass concentration of particles in the size range of 0.094–0.946 μm was observed. The watersoluble ion content accounted for a very large proportion of PM_(2.5) mass, and its proportion in PM_(2.5) increased from 28.39%–41.08% to 48.96%–61.21% after the WFGD process for the three units. The desulfurizing process also drastically increased the proportion of cation component(Ca~(2+) for unit A, Mg~(2+) for unit B, and Na+for unit C) and the proportion of SO_4~(2-) in PM_(2.5), and it increased the CE/AE values of PM_(2.5) from 0.82–0.98 to 0.93–1.27 for the three study units.     

Response of ammonia-oxidizing archaea to heavy metal contamination in freshwater sediment

It has been well-documented that the distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and archaea(AOA) in soils can be affected by heavy metal contamination, whereas information about the impact of heavy metal on these ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in freshwater sediment is still lacking. The present study explored the change of sediment ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in a freshwater reservoir after being accidentally contaminated by industrial discharge containing high levels of metals. Bacterial amoA gene was found to be below the quantitative PCR detection and was not successfully amplified by conventional PCR. The number of archaeal amoA gene in reservoir sediments were 9.62 × 10~2–1.35 × 10~7 copies per gram dry sediment. AOA abundance continuously decreased, and AOA richness, diversity and community structure also considerably varied with time. Therefore, heavy metal pollution could have a profound impact on freshwater sediment AOA community. This work could expand our knowledge of the effect of heavy metal contamination on nitrification in natural ecosystems.     

ZnMnxCo2-xO4活化过一硫酸盐降解有机污染物

分别以Zn（CH₃COO）₂·2H₂O、Mn（CH₃COO）₃·2H₂O和Co（CH₃COO）₂·4H₂O为锌源、锰源和钴源,采用溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法成功制备了ZnMn_xCo_2-xO₄（x=0~2）复合物,并用X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱对其进行表征.同时,还研究了Mn/Co物质的量比、催化剂用量及PMS用量对目标污染物降解的影响.结果表明,该复合物可催化活化过一硫酸钾（PMS）降解有机污染物,当催化剂中x=0.8,催化剂投加量为0.2 g·L^-1,PMS用量为0.4 mmol·L^-1（0.25 g·L^-1）时,20 μmol·L^-1（10 mg·L^-1）罗丹明B（RhB）可在15 min内完全降解.ZnMn_0.8Co_1.2O₄的高催化活性主要归功于Mn³⁺和Co²⁺的协同效应.将ZnMn_xCo_2-xO₄-PMS体系用于亚甲基蓝、结晶紫、金橙、双酚A、4-氯酚等其他污染物的降解,也取得了较好的效果.基于电子自旋共振ESR和自由基猝灭实验的结果,可以推测该反应体系中活性物种为硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基.