Genotoxicity of surface water samples from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, Eastern China

Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China. Taihu Basin is one of the most densely populated and urbanized areas in this country. This area provides 15% of the GDP. Meiliang Bay is located in the north part of the Lake. It provides the municipal water source for Wuxi City. Some parts of the lake have been found to be highly polluted due to eutrophication for over a decade. Surface water (0-0.5 m) samples were collected from the Meiliang Bay by the aid of Global Position System (GPS) for positioning. Water samples were concentrated 5000 times with XAD-2 resin columns. A reverse mutation test using histidine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium strains was employed to assay the genotoxicity of the samples. The results showed that the sample from position 6 had the highest genotoxicity either in the case of activating with eucaryotic S9 system or without S9. The genotoxic effect included, at least, two different molecular mechanisms: nucleotide point substitution on DNA molecules and reading frame shifting caused by nucleotide insertion or deletion. The genotoxicity of the water body in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake should be kept in close monitoring.     

Interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals on soil enzyme

Actions and interactions of heavy metals (cadmium, zinc and plumbum) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [phenanthrene, fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene] on the soil urease and dehydrogenase activity were studied after 49 days exposure. The experimental approach was based on the uniform design which can cut the experiment time and improve the efficiency of experiments. Data treatment was essentially based on the multiple regression technique. The results showed that the action and interaction between heavy metals and PAHs were strongly dependent on the time of pollution. The dehydrogenase exhibits more sensitive to the combined pollution than urease. The negative interaction between Zn and Cd to hydrogenase activity and the combined stimulatory activity of Phenanthrene and Benzo(a)pyrene (or fluoranthene) to soil enzyme were observed. The interactions between Zn (Cd) and phenanthrene towards urease (dehydrogenase) were positive, and the interaction between Zn and benzo(a)pyrene to urease activity was negative. This study corresponds to exploratory phase in order to reveal interaction effects of heavy metals and PAHs on the soil enzyme and then to set up more in-depth analysis to increase progressively the understanding of the ecotoxicological mechanisms involved.     

粘土矿物修复重金属污染土壤

简要介绍了我国土壤重金属污染的现状与危害.通过粘土矿物在重金属污染土壤中净化功能的阐述,提出利用粘土矿物修复土壤重金属污染的观点.继而从天然和改性粘土矿物特性,叙述了粘土矿物修复土壤重金属污染的机制与应用进展及其影响因素.最后讨论了粘土矿物在修复土壤重金属污染过程中值得注意的几个问题,并展望了粘土矿物在该领域应用中的发展方向.     

碱减量-印染混合废水的预处理研究

针对碱度大、COD高、组成复杂的碱减量-印染混合废水,采用高碱度下直接混凝再酸析相结合的方法进行预处理,取得理想效果.试验结果表明,在高碱度条件下先加入镁盐及少量高分子絮凝剂,可去除大部分可溶性及不溶性污染物;再通过降低pH的酸析法,能有效去除废水中的色度、浊度,大大降低COD.在MgSO4用量为800～1 500 mg/L,阴离子聚丙烯酰胺用量为2 mg/L,酸析pH小于3.0时,色度去除率达97%,COD去除率达92%,浊度去除率近100%.     

环境污染对生态危害经济损失评估模式的研究

定量评估环境污染对生态环境危害的经济损失,是环境科学研究的课题。本文从风险评价和环境经济学角度,提出环境污染对生态环境危害经济损失的评估模式。     

不同粒径空气颗粒物中11种多环芳烃的分析测定

将五段多孔冲击分级器 (粒径分级 :≤ 1 .1 ,1 .1～ 2 .0 ,2 .0～ 3 .3 ,3 .3～ 7.0 ,≥ 7.0μm)与大流量采样器连接 ,采集呼和浩特市冬夏两季空气颗粒物样品 ,用高压液相色谱仪 (HPLC)测定样品中的蒽 (An)、菲 (Ph)、萤蒽 (Fl)、芘 (Py)、(Ch)、苯并 [a]蒽 (Ba A)、苯并 [a]芘 (Ba P)、二甲基苯并 [a]蒽 (DMBa A)、二苯并 [ah]蒽 (DBah A)、苯并 [ghi] (Bghi P)和晕苯 (Cor)等 1 1种多环芳烃化合物 (PAHs)。数据表明 :呼和浩特市空气颗粒物中 PAHs的浓度较高 ;有约 97%的 PAHs富集于可吸入颗粒中。     

Currently used organophosphate and brominated flame retardants in the environment of China and other developing countries (2000–2016)

This review summarizes the environmental occurrence of new brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organophosphate compounds (OPs) in the environment of developing countries since 2000. The ban on the production and use of commercial formulations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have paved the way for the high use of NBFRs and OPs in consumer products to fulfill the fire safety regulations. Recent studies have shown that the ever increasing production volumes and extensive use of these chemicals as additive FRs and plasticizers have resulted into their ubiquitous occurrence in all environmental compartments. Although presumed to be safe for use and the environment, recent studies on their occurrence and persistence in the environment have raised questions. Due to the lack of awareness, research interest, and availability of technical facilities, limited scientific data is available on the occurrence of these chemicals in developing countries. In this study, we collected reported data and provide an overview of environmental occurrence of NBFRs and OPs in abiotic and biotic matrices of different developing countries. Finally, research gaps were identified with recommendations for future research work and would be useful towards the environmental management of these toxic chemicals.     

焦炉地下室CO微机监控系统

针对焦炉地下室易发生CO泄漏事故的现状，在深入分析炼焦工艺的机理，煤气和CO的性质和成因后，研制出一套一氧化碳微机监控系统，并较为详细地叙述了控制系统的研究对象、研究内容、设计思想和实现过程。     

特大型矿产资源开发与区域经济发展——以西藏玉龙铜矿资源开发为例

矿产资源,特别是特大型矿的开发对区域经济发展具有重要的带动作用。西藏玉龙铜矿在国内仅次于德兴铜矿的特大型矿山,它的开发具有重大战略意义,有利于带动昌都地区经济的发展,本文认为开发玉龙铜矿既面临着矿产资源开发机制、模式及矿产开发区功能与结构等一系列重大变革,又出现许多有利条件和不利因素。必须面向下一世纪和国内外两个市场,按照新的机制,选择融合式发展,努力建立一个综合功能型的昌都地区经济。     

Social and Economic Factors in the Spread of the NIMBY Syndrome against Waste Disposal Sites in Taiwan

The paper analyses the NIMBY syndrome against solid waste disposal sites in Taiwan and argues that the rapid growth of this syndrome has been attributable to three social and economic factors, namely: (1) The awakening of public environmental consciousness; (2) the increase in the value of urban marginal land; and (3) the process of political liberalization and the uprising of so-called 'self-help actions' from the public.