湿法烟道气脱硫脱硝反应动力学

近年来,发展的同时脱硫脱硝方法,是借助于氧化不容易溶解的NO到容易溶解的NO_2,或者利用水溶性亚铁螯合物作为一种催化剂加速NO的吸收,也就是亚铁螯合物能够与NO形成一个络合物而促进NO的吸收。或者应用水溶液中NO_x被溶解的SO_2还原形成N_2,N_2O或还原到氮化物如NOH(SO_3~(2-)_2、 NH_2SO_3~-和NH_4~+而除去,而SO_2被氧化生成硫酸盐。本文综述了湿法烟道气脱硫脱硝反应动力学和机理以及一些中间化合物形成与消失的过程。     

ClO2和碳水化合物水平对中国明对虾存活和生长的影响

研究了盐度为5条件下,ClO2和碳水化合物水平对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)存活和生长的影响,共两个实验:实验1研究了ClO2(0、1、4、7、10、13、16、19和22 mg/L)对中国明对虾存活的影响,发现随ClO2浓度的升高,对虾存活率呈下降趋势;在24、48、72和96 h,LC50分别为21.04、13.32、10.91和8.26 mg/L,安全浓度为1.60 mg/L.实验2研究了ClO2(0.0、0.2、0.4和0.6 mg/L)和饲料中碳水化合物水平(13.89和41.76%)对中国明对虾存活和生长的影响,发现在两个碳水化合物水平,随ClO2浓度的升高,对虾存活率、特定生长率、摄食量和吸收效率均呈下降趋势,而饲料系数呈上升趋势;在四个ClO2水平,摄食13.89%碳水化合物对虾的特定生长率、摄食量和吸收效率均高于摄食41.76%碳水化合物的对虾,而摄食13.89%碳水化合物对虾的饲料系数低于摄食41.76%碳水化合物的对虾.     

Person–organization and person–supervisor fits: Employee commitments in a Chinese context

The present study simultaneously examined people's perceptions of person–organization (PO) and person–supervisor (PS) fit and related these perceptions to employees' commitments. Three‐hundred‐and‐sixty employee–supervisor dyads from Taiwanese organizations reported about their PO fit and PS fit perceptions. In addition, supervisors reported about their perceptions of fit and guanxi with each of their employees. Results indicated that PO and PS fit perceptions both had an independent and additive relationship with organizational commitment. The link between employee PS fit perceptions and organizational commitment was mediated by commitment to the supervisor. Both employee and supervisor fit perceptions contributed to commitment to the supervisor through their influence on the quality of the leader‐member exchange (LMX). Guanxi could not explain additional variance in LMX and supervisor commitment. Implications for theory and practices regarding person–environment fit, commitment, and LMX are discussed. The study findings offered suggestions for a new Theory of Multiple Fits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An estimation on budget and control of phosphorus in the Changjiang River catchment

Based on field investigations in the Changjiang River mouth, rain sampling from the river's upper reaches to the mouth, historical data, and relevant literatures, the budget and major control factors of total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in the river catchment were estimated and discussed from the catchment scale. It will supply a base for effective controlling P concentration in the Changjiang River and its mouth. Results show that the export fluxes of TP and DIP were mainly controlled by the river runoff. The TP and DIP in the Changjiang River came mainly from agricultural nonpoint source P losses from fertilizer and soil and point sources of industrial waste and residential sewage discharges. The export fluxes of TP and DIP in the river mouth were only 27.0% and 28.3% of the imports from the river catchment, respectively, suggesting that most of P were removed in transportation. A mass of freshwater marshes in the river catchment were the main areas to remove P. Significant increasing in utilization of fertilizer P and incessant increasing in water and soil loss areas were the primary reasons of agricultural nonpoint source P losses. How to decrease the agricultural nonpoint source P loss from the catchment scale is a key controlling P concentration in the Changjiang River and its mouth. The point source industrial waste P discharge has been primarily treated in the river catchment, but the residential sewage P discharge needs further control.     

Occurrence,distribution, and multi-phase partitioning of triclocarban and triclosan in an urban river receiving wastewater treatment plants effluent in China

Occurrence, distribution, spatial and seasonal variations, and partitioning between aqueous phase and suspended particulate matters (SPM) of triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) in Xiaoqing River, which receives wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, were studied. The distribution of the total TCC and TCS levels in surface water and sediments along the river were discussed. The highest TCC and TCS concentrations were both found near the discharge port of WWTPs, and the TCC and TCS levels decreased downstream of the WWTPs as a result of their distances from the source of WWTP discharges. The mean values of TCC and TCS in low-flow season were 1.62 and 1.80 times, respectively, as much as in high-flow season in surface water. The study on partitioning of TCC and TCS between aqueous phase and SPM shown the mean level of dissolved TCC accounted for about 10 % of the total level in surface water, whereas the TCS level was about 30 %. The TCC concentrations detected in the surface sediment samples (0 to 5 cm) ranged from 226 to 1,956 ng/g, with a mean value of 733 ng/g. The TCS levels were between 85 and 705 ng/g, with a mean value of 255 ng/g. The distribution and variations of TCC and TCS in sediments along the river were highly consistent with those in the water phase. The TCC and TCS levels in deep sediments (5 to 10 cm) were significantly lower than those in surface sediments. The mean TCC level in surface sediments was about 2.4 times as much as in deep sediments, and the TCS level in surface sediments was 3.1 times as much as in deep sediments.     

Catalytic hydrolysis of urea from wastewater using different aluminas by a fixed bed reactor

In order to find an effective method for treating urea wastewater, the experiments on the hydrolysis of urea in wastewater were conducted in a fixed bed reactor with different aluminas (α-Al₂O₃, γ-Al₂O₃, and η-Al₂O₃) as catalysts respectively in contrast with inert ceramic particle. The results indicate that the three alumina catalysts show obvious catalytic activity for urea hydrolysis at 125 °C. The order of activity is η-Al₂O₃?>?γ-Al₂O₃?>?α-Al₂O₃, and the activity difference increases with increasing temperature. According to the characterization results, surface acidity has little impact on the activity of catalyst. However, it was found that surface basicity of alumina catalyst plays an important role in catalytic hydrolysis of urea, and the activity of catalyst may be also influenced by the basic strength. With η-Al₂O₃ as catalyst, the urea concentration in wastewater is reduced to 4.96 mg/L at a temperature of 165 °C. Moreover, the η-Al₂O₃ shows a good stability for urea hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of urea over η-Al₂O₃ catalyst can evidently reduce the reaction temperature and is promising to replace industrial thermal hydrolysis process.     

纳滤工艺去除水中微量内分泌干扰物

主要研究了DL1210型纳滤膜去除水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、乐果和莠去津的影响因素,考察了温度、pH值、初始浓度、跨膜压力(TMP)和运行时间对膜通量和截留率的影响。结果表明,纳滤工艺是去除水中微量DBP、DEHP、乐果和莠去津的有效方法,初始pH值和温度的升高会导致纳滤膜对DBP、DEHP、乐果和莠去津的截留率的降低,膜对DBP和DEHP的截留率随初始浓度的升高而降低,TMP和运行时间不会对膜通量和目标污染物的截留率造成显著影响。当初始pH为5、初始浓度为5μg/L、温度为5℃、TMP为0.4 MPa时,纳滤工艺对DBP、DEHP、乐果和莠去津的截留率达到最佳,分别为91.8%、89.8%、98.02%和77.6%,出水中DBP、DEHP、乐果和莠去津浓度分别为0.41、0.49、0.099和1.12μg/L。     

蓟运河汞污染化学地理特征

通过对蓟运河汞污染化学地理研究,查清了河水沉积物中汞和甲基汞的含量范围,水平和垂直变化,以及空间分布;研究了汞存在的形态;揭示了汞在河流中的富集区;作出了河流汞污染状况的分区,初步提出了治理河道汞污染的途径。     

石油化工厂区土壤中总石油烃分布的研究

为了进行石油化工厂区地下环境的现场评估，利用气相色谱法（EPA8015B）对其土壤中总石油烃（TPHs)进行了测定，测定结果以柴油范围的有机物（DRO）和润滑油范围的有机物（ORO）表示。结果表明：土壤各层DRO检出率在58％－72％之间，ORO检出率在82％－89％之间，大多数检出点位的DRO、ORO含量小于500mg/kg；个别点位的DRO、ORO高达30000mg/kg。     

用于评价水污染的生物指数

对各国学者所建立的应用较广泛的生物指数作了综述 ,通过分析各种生物指数的优点与缺陷 ,指出了目前建立生物指数方法上的不足 ,并提出了建立生物指数应该采用的更合理的方法。