移栽期变化对黑龙江省水稻低温冷害的影响——以2002年为例

针对影响黑龙江省水稻生产的低温冷害问题,利用黑龙江省水稻主要种植区域10个农业气象观测站1999-2004年每年5-9月的水稻生长观测数据和逐日平均温度数据,运用统计方法建立了产量构成与温度指标的关系方程,并结合黑龙江省2002年逐日平均温度格点化数据,对3个不同移栽日期情况下低温冷害的发生情况进行了分析。结果显示:2002年的低温冷害在黑龙江中部最严重,东部次之,西部受害最轻;北部地区受害面积和冷害损失比南部地区更大;在3个移栽日期中,随着移栽日期的推后,水稻产量有5%～11%的不同程度的减少,冷害损失逐渐增大,即按时间5月中旬—5月下旬—6月初依次递增。     

城市地下空间与节约型和谐社会建设——论中国城市地下空间的发展战略选择

进入“十一五”规划期,中国的大城市正面临着“建构资源节约型、环境友好型和谐社会”的重大战略转型。城市地下空间资源的综合开发利用是实现这一伟大战略目标的重要保障之一。作者在研究总结国外大城市地下空间资源综合开发利用成功经验与教训的基础上,分析未来中国城市发展趋势,论述城市地下空间资源综合开发利用的发展方向与战略目标,创造性的提出了实现这一伟大战略目标应该创建的中国式综合管理的体制、机制与法制。本文可供政府决策参考。     

城市污水处理厂建设中节省投资措施

以某污水处理厂工程建设为例，从不同的角度提出在污水处理厂建设过程中节省投资的一些措施。     

环境监测机构中的层级管理制度

根据社会组织中客观存在的层级结构,描述了环境监测站的层级构成及其基本职能, 认识和合理利用层级管理制度有利于内设机构的设置、合理地配置其职能并确保机构高效 运行。     

罗布泊野骆驼自然保护区的建设及生物多样性保护

新疆罗布泊野骆驼自然保护区位于我国西部极旱荒漠带 ,以保护世界濒危物种———野双峰驼为主要对象 ,同时也保护当地特有的地貌、盐泉、丝绸之路遗迹及其他珍稀动植物物种 ,面积 7 8× 10 4km2 。该保护区在世界生物多样性保护中有重大作用。由于周边地区经济的发展 ,对该保护区的影响逐渐扩大 ,威胁到野生动植物的生存安全 ,急需加强宣传、建卡、检查、巡护等保护管理措施 ,同时需要提高周边贫困社区人民生活水平 ,强化管制非法采矿业     

大型城市重大危险源监管与应急救援体系的研究

分析大型城市重大危险源的现状,指出重大危险源监管存在的主要问题,提出大型城市重大危险源监管与应急救援体系包括的子系统,即:重大危险源的普查与辨识系统、重大危险源的安全评估系统、重大危险源的管理与控制系统、重大危险源事故的应急救援系统,并对其子系统的概念、构成和内容进行分析和阐述,提出了大型城市重大危险源监管与应急救援的思路、模式和对策。     

Effectiveness of resistivity monitoring for interpreting temporal changes in landfill properties

It is always possible for impermeable layers to exist in landfills. When they do, the properties of the solution at the exit of the leachate-collection system might not accurately reflect the overall properties of the landfill. This study examines whether resistivity monitoring is effective for determining the influence of impermeable layers on the leachate. The test cell used in this study was filled with waste made up mainly of incinerator ash and shredded incombustible material. Three lines of resistivity sensors were laid in the uppermost layer of the fill. A resistivity profile was recorded periodically from each of these lines. The water-table level and leachate properties were measured concurrently. Leachate conductivity was mainly controlled by concentrations of the main ions, and it correlated inversely to variations in resistivity. Temporal changes in the resistivity of the fills are an excellent means of assessing the leaching in fills. Monitoring the properties of leachate, combined with resistivity profiling, is extremely useful for interpreting the temporal changes of properties in landfills containing impermeable layers.     

沉水植物对富营养化水体的净化效果研究

通过建立小型围隔区,研究了沉水植物对富营养化水体中氮、磷等污染物的净化效果,以及对底泥中磷含量的影响.结果表明:(1)在放养沉水植物的围隔水体中各种营养盐浓度明显低于对照围隔;(2)沉水植物对磷的吸收能够有效地保持底泥中磷的含量,而在对照围隔中的底泥中磷元素含量却不断增加;(3)经50天后,水体中TN、NH4 -N、TP、PO43--P和CODMn平均去除率分别为36.3%、70.5%、54.6%、65.4%和43.1%.     

化学法处理电镀废水的自动化控制应用

采用化学法自动控制处理含铬和含镍电镀废水,选择合适的化学药剂和pH、ORP控制参数,连续式处理电镀废水.运行结果表明:该工艺简单、处理效果良好、运行稳定、可操作性好、运行成本适中、能很好的适应水质的波动,处理后的水质完全符合排放标准.     

Use of Microbial Community to Evaluate Performance of a Wetland System in Treating Pb/Zn Mine Drainage

The performance of a wetland system in treating lead (Pb)/zinc (Zn) mine drainage was evaluated by using the polyurethane foam unit (PFU) microbial community (method), which has been adopted by China as a standardized procedure for monitoring water quality. The wetland system consisted of four cells with three dominant plants: Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis and Paspalum distichum. Physicochemical characteristics [pH, EC, content of total suspended solid (TSS) and metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu)] and PFU microbial community in water samples had been investigated from seven sampling sites. The results indicated that the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and TSS in the mine drainage were gradually reduced from the inlet to the outlet of the wetland system and 99%, 98%, 75%, 83%, and 68% of these metals and TSS respectively, had been reduced in concentration after the drainage passed through the wetland system. A total of 105 protozoan species were identified, the number of protozoa species and the diversity index (DI) gradually increased, while the heterotrophic index (HI) gradually decreased from the inlet to the outlet of the wetland system. The results indicated that DI, HI, and total number species of protozoa could be used as biological indicators indicating the improvement of water quality.