Maghemite(γ-Fe_2O_3) nanoparticles enhance dissimilatory ferrihydrite reduction by Geobacter sulfurreducens: Impacts on iron mineralogical change and bacterial interactions

Microbially mediated bioreduction of iron oxyhydroxide plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of iron.Geobacter sulfurreducens is a representative dissimilatory ironreducing bacterium that assembles electrically conductive pili and cytochromes.The impact of supplementation withγ-Fe_2O_3 nanoparticles(NPs)(0.2 and 0.6 g)on the G.sulfurreducens-mediated reduction of ferrihydrite was investigated.In the overall performance of microbial ferrihydrite reduction mediated byγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs,stronger reduction was observed in the presence of direct contact withγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs than with indirect contact.Compared to the production of Fe(Ⅱ)derived from biotic modification with ferrihydrite alone,increases greater than 1.6-and 1.4-fold in the production of Fe(Ⅱ)were detected in the biotic modifications in which direct contact with 0.2 g and 0.6 gγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs,respectively,occurred.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that magnetite was a unique representative iron mineral in ferrihydrite when active G.sulfurreducens cells were in direct contact withγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs.Because of the sorption of biogenic Fe(Ⅱ)ontoγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs instead of ferrihydrite,the addition ofγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs could also contribute to increased duration of ferrihydrite reduction by preventing ferrihydrite surface passivation.Additionally,electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the direct addition ofγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs stimulated the electrically conductive pili and cytochromes to stretch,facilitating long-range electron transfer between the cells and ferrihydrite.The obtained findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of iron oxide NPs on soil biogeochemistry.     

聚四氟乙烯复合膜材料的透湿性和生物防护性能研究

测试了聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合膜材料的透湿性和对氯化钠气溶胶、粉末状微生物枯草芽孢杆菌黑色变种（ATCC9372）、液体中脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗株的防护性能。结果表明，该复合膜材料有良好的透湿性能，同时对氯化钠气溶胶、粉末状和液体中的微生物均具有良好的防护性能。     

Advances in emission control of diesel vehicles in China

Diesel vehicles have caused serious environmental problems in China. Hence, the Chinese government has launched serious actions against air pollution and imposed more stringent regulations on diesel vehicle emissions in the latest China VI standard. To fulfill this stringent legislation, two major technical routes, including the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high-efficiency selective catalytic reduction (SCR) routes, have been developed for diesel engines. Moreover, complicated aftertreatment technologies have also been developed, including use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for controlling carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, diesel particulate filter (DPF) for particle mass (PM) emission control, SCR for the control of NOx emission, and an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) for the control of unreacted NH₃. Due to the stringent requirements of the China VI standard, the aftertreatment system needs to be more deeply integrated with the engine system. In the future, aftertreatment technologies will need further upgrades to fulfill the requirements of the near-zero emission target for diesel vehicles.     

页岩气压裂高压管汇失效风险分析及防控措施

针对大排量、高压力页岩气压裂施工作业中存在的高压管汇失效风险,分析了某公司近年来的高压管汇失效事故事件,识别出了常见的失效形式及部位,构建了基于计算流体力学的固液两相流射流模型,模拟计算了失效的破坏力和伤害范围。研究结果表明:刺漏是高压管汇最常见失效形式,弯头、三通等应力集中区是刺漏失效的高危部位; 100 MPa工况时刺漏影响范围可达100 m,离刺漏点1 m处,流体流速为260 m/s,打击压力达3.5 GPa,远超防护钢板抗剪切强度。根据风险分析及事故模拟结果,从本质安全、工艺改进、管理、信息化提升4个维度提出了防控措施,为页岩气压裂施工作业安全防控措施的制定提供了参考。     

Instantaneous char reaction of biomass particles in a hot gas flow with fluctuating temperature

Char reaction is an important stage of the combustion processes of biomass particles. It dominates the burnout of biomass particles. The instantaneous char reaction processes of biomass particles in a hot gas with temperature fluctuation are studied. Two types of biomass fuels, i.e. pine and thistle, are chosen for the present investigation. The instantaneous mass variations of biomass particles with initial diameters of 100, 200, and 300 μm are calculated under different conditions. The gas temperature fluctuation leads to faster mass loss for both pine and thistle particles. The char reaction of biomass particles is further enhanced by increase in the fluctuation amplitude of gas temperature.     

Effect of ultraviolet irradiation and chlorination on ampicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> and its ampicillin resistance gene

Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health risk that may spread via potable and reclaimed water. Effective disinfection is important for inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and disruption of antibiotic resistance genes. Ampicillin is a widely prescribed antibiotic but its effectiveness is increasingly undermined by resistance. In this study, changes in ampicillin resistance for Escherichia coli (E. coli) CGMCC 1.1595 were analyzed after exposure to different doses of ultraviolet (UV) or chlorine, and damage incurred by the plasmid encoding ampicillin resistance gene bla _TEM-1 was assessed. We reported a greater stability in ampicillinresistant E. coli CGMCC 1.1595 after UV irradiation or chlorination when compared with previously published data for other E. coli strains. UV irradiation and chlorination led to a shift in the mortality frequency distributions of ampicillin-resistant E. coli when subsequently exposed to ampicillin. The ampicillin hemiinhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) without disinfection was 3800 mg·L^–1, and an increment was observed after UV irradiation or chlorination. The IC₅₀ of ampicillin-resistant E. coli was 1.5-fold higher at a UV dose of 40 mJ·cm^–2, and was 1.4-fold higher when exposed to 2.0 mg·L^–1 chlorine. These results indicate that UV irradiation and chlorination can potentially increase the risk of selection for E. coli strains with high ampicillin resistance. There was no evident damage to bla _TEM-1 after 1–10 mg Cl₂·L^–1 chlorination, while a UV dose of 80 mJ·cm^–2 yielded a damage ratio for bla _TEM-1 of approximately 1.2-log. Therefore, high UV doses are required for effective disruption of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria.     

含盐废水电渗析膜分离处理工艺研究

在水资源日益紧张、含盐废水排放量日益增多的大趋势下,寻求经济有效的含盐废水处理技术已成为重要的研究课题。以厦门某食品企业水产品加工腌泡环节含盐废水为研究对象。含盐废水经氨水沉淀、离子交换树脂软化处理,废水中钙镁离子被有效脱除,出水钙镁质量浓度已经降为10．4mg·L-1,达到软水水质标准。软化后的废水经4‰聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）絮凝并通过活性炭吸附,污染密度指数值（SDI）降低至0．41,完全达到膜分离装置进水水质的要求。预处理液再经电渗析膜进一步浓缩分离后,氯化钠质量浓度可由7351mg·L-1提升到78156mg·L-1,对盐分浓缩了10倍以上,达到废水和盐分的处理回收利用。本处理工艺流程简洁,药耗少、能耗低,比较适合小规模含盐废水的综合处理。     

冶金焦化废水治理新技术工业实践

焦化废水是最难处理的高浓度、难降解的有机工业废水之一。经传统方法处理后的废水,各项指标难以达标。以新兴铸管股份有限公司焦化废水工艺改造为例,用烧结带冷高温废气处理焦化废水,降低水中各种污染物的浓度,同时对烧结废气中二氧化硫、氮氧化物、粉尘等也进行了去除,实现“以废治废”。     

我国水泥行业大气污染物排放特征

水泥行业是环境污染最严重的行业之一,对其排放的大气污染物的来源和计算方法进行了综述与分析,并通过在时间尺度与空间尺度上的对比,发现近十年水泥行业粉尘、SO2和NOx的排放量随着水泥产量的增加而增大,华东地区水泥行业的粉尘、SO2和NOx排放量分别占全国总量的31.8%、31.0%和31.8%,是我国7个区域中大气污染物排放量最高的区域。     

Distribution,fractionation and risk assessment of mercury in surficial sediments of Nansi Lake,China

Nansi Lake is composed of four sub-lakes from north to south: Nanyang Lake, Dushan Lake, Zhaoyang Lake and Weishan Lake. An environmental pollution investigation was carried out to determine the fractionation, and pollution assessments of mercury (Hg) in surficial sediments from Nansi Lake. Results showed that the mean concentration of Hg was 3.1 times higher than its background value (0.015 mg kg^?1), and the high concentration of Hg which even reached up to five times than the background value in the part of Dushan Lake and Weishan Lake, which indicated that there are obvious spatial differences. The content of Hg was positively correlated with that of total organic carbon, and negatively correlated with that of pH and SiO₂ in surface sediments. An improved Tessier sequential extraction procedure was used to study the fractions of Hg in sediments. The results indicated that Hg existed primarily in the fraction of residual, which accounts for 58.4% of total mercury (THg), and the percentage of extractable Hg was only 1.93% of total mercury. High concentrations of mercury of non-residual phase were found in part lake area from the Nanyang Lake and the Weishan Lake, which indicating a higher potential ecological risk relative to the other lake areas. Based on the values of enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index, most part of Dushan Lake and Nanyang Lake and Weishan Lake were in a moderate pollution. And based on the fractionation of mercury, risk assessment code of Hg exhibited low risks to the environment in Nansi Lake.