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利用盆栽试验研究了不同质量浓度嘧磺隆对大白菜、小麦的毒性及其残效危害。结果表明,嘧磺隆对大白菜和小麦均可产生明显毒害症状,生物学指标明显劣于对照;嘧磺隆可降低大白菜和小麦叶绿素含量,并使叶片细胞膜和原生质遭到破坏,导致叶片浸出液电导率增大;当嘧磺隆质量浓度为0.01mg/L时,对大白菜的产量有品著影响,可使产量降低51.1%;嘧磺隆质量浓度大于0.1mg/L时,其残效对后茬作物有毒害作用,而质量浓度小于0.01mg/L时则没有明显影响;在小麦返青期用质量浓度大于0.01mg/L的嘧磺隆处理时,小麦受到不同程度的危害,当质量浓度增大到0.1mg/L时,小麦生物学产量则显著下降。 相似文献
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An embedded reservoir that provides an efficient nutrient removal system protects drinking water.However,embedded reservoirs are rarely used in eutrophic shallow lakes because of their undetermined nutrient retention efficiency and unknown effects by the phytoplankton community.In this study,we aim to investigate the nutrient retention and algae succession in an embedded reservoir and adjacent wetland from April 2017 to September 2018 in the eastern part of Lake Taihu,China.More than 40% of total phosphorus(TP) and 45% of particulate phosphorous entering the reservoir were retained semiannually,and the highest TP removal efficiency was achieved in the reservoir during autumn with an average value of 53.3% ± 9.9%.The overall nitrogen retention efficiency(21.7% ± 37.8%) was lower than that of TP(41.8% ± 27.8%).Similar trends were obtained in the wetland area.An important pathway for phosphorus removal is through particulate matter retention.Our study revealed that nutrient retention mechanisms in the reservoir were primarily via macrophyte absorption,particulate substance sedimentation,and prolonged water residence time.Consequently,the phytoplankton biomass(Chl-a) in the reservoir decreased(from 48.0 to 25.2 μg/L) and water transparency improved,due to the decreased P level and transformation of the phytoplankton group into simple structures with good ecological status.Therefore,the combination of embedded reservoir and constructed wetland ecosystem can be used successfully to protect surface water.The results will be advantageous to groups seeking to preserve drinking water sources. 相似文献
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Photo-responsive adsorption-photocatalysis nanocomposites are generally used in water and wastewater decontamination; however, the prolonged adsorption capacity of composites and the role of adsorption in concomitant photocatalysis are typically neglected. These composites can be regenerated under light irradiation as their adsorption capacity decreases. Herein, a novel adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional nanocomposite, Bi-doped TiO2 supported on powdered activated carbon (Bi2O3/TiO2/PAC), was prepared using the sol-impregnation-hydrothermal procedure. Bi2O3/TiO2/PAC with a secondary calcination temperature of 700°C under a nitrogen atmosphere was selected for maximum adsorption capacity on Methyl Orange (MO). The composite displayed an excellent adsorption capacity and was easily separated and recycled. The results demonstrate that 71.2% photocatalytic regeneration efficiency could be attained under visible light irradiation for 1 hr at an intensity of 750?W/m2 and pH 7. Characterization of the as-prepared Bi2O3/TiO2/PAC nanocomposite (700°C) indicates that it possesses a highly specific surface area and great optical properties, showing bifunctional adsorption-photocatalysis characteristics. The p-n heterojunction of the composite played a dominant role in the photocatalytic regeneration process, and effective degradation of MO could be achieved along with composite regeneration. 相似文献