水样品中挥发酚的测量不确定度的评定方法

根据环境监测的要求,中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院实验室在出具数据时要对测量结果进行测量不确定度评定。用实例建立了分光光度法测定水样品中挥发酚的合成标准不确定度的数学模式,它由质量的标准测量不确定度和体积的标准测量不确定度组成;并对这两部分标准不确定度的分量作了详尽的分析和计算。得出测量扩展不确定度结果。     

湿法脱硫2台增压风机并联运行调试技术探讨

介绍了大装机容量机组湿法烟气脱硫系统采用的2台增压风机并联运行技术,从调试方法上探讨如何对双风机并联运行技术在应用中存在的“抢风”问题进行控制,这对同类型工程项目有一定的借鉴意义。     

地下水中BTEX的原位生物修复研究进展

BTEX是苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的统称,存在于原油和石油产品中,其作为化工原料,广泛应用于农药、塑料及合成纤维等制造业.BTEX已成为地下水中普遍存在的污染物,自然衰减或生物修复工程已成功应用于地下水中BTEX的去除.自然衰减受BTEX污染的地下水具有良好的效果,但相比之下,生物修复工程更快、更有效.综述了在好氧和厌氧条件下,地下水中BTEX原位生物修复过程的微生物降解机制.     

咪唑类[PF6]^-型离子液体萃取胺类化合物

以眯唑类[PF6]^-型离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[Bmim][PF6]）、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[Hmim][PF6]）和1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[Omim][PF6]）对苯胺、对氯苯胺等7种胺类化合物的萃取,考察了溶液初始浓度、相比、盐类、pH及离子液体眯唑基团上取代烷基对萃取平衡的影响,并研究了萃取过程的热效应。实验结果表明：溶液初始浓度对分配系数影响较小;相比10：1是离子液体对胺类化合物的溶解饱和临界点,当相比大于10：1时,分配系数降低;NaCl、K2SO4可以增大萃取分配系数,ZnSO4对分配系数几乎没有影响;pH增加,分配系数增大;离子液体对不同取代基的胺类萃取能力有较大的差异,咪唑基团上取代烷基的长度对不同胺类物质的分配系数影响较显著;萃取过程属于焓增大的吸热过程。     

Poplar plantation has the potential to alter the water balance in semiarid Inner Mongolia

Poplar plantation is the most dominant broadleaf forest type in northern China. Since the mid-1990s plantation was intensified to combat desertification along China's northwestern border, i.e., within Inner Mongolia (IM). This evoked much concern regarding the ecological and environmental effects on areas that naturally grow grass or shrub vegetation. To highlight potential consequences of large-scale poplar plantations on the water budget within semiarid IM, we compared the growing season water balance (evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation (PPT)) of a 3-yr old poplar plantation (Kp₃) and a natural shrubland (Ks) in the Kubuqi Desert in western IM, and a 6-yr old poplar plantation (Bp₆) growing under sub-humid climate near Beijing. The results showed that, despite 33% lower PPT at Kp₃, ET was 2% higher at Kp₃ (228 mm) as compared with Ks (223 mm) in May–September 2006. The difference derived mainly from higher ET at the plantation during drier periods of the growing season, which also indicated that the poplars must have partly transpired groundwater. Estimated growing season ET at Bp₆ was about 550 mm and more than 100% higher than at Kp₃. It is estimated that increases in leaf area index and net radiation at Kp₃ provide future potential for the poplars in Kubuqi to exceed the present ET and ET of the natural shrubland by 100–200%. These increases in ET are only possible through the permanent use of groundwater either directly by the trees or through increased irrigation. This may significantly change the water balance in the area (e.g., high ET at the cost of a reduction in the water table), which renders large-scale plantations a questionable tool in sustainable arid-land management.     

城市水源地建设中的水权交易理论与实践述评

水源地是城市水资源可持续供给的重要空间载体。伴随城市化的快建发展，城市水资源供求压力日起紧张，城市水源地在保障城市水资源可持续供给方面的作用日益突出。本文从城市化过程中的水资源需求变化出发，揭示水源地在城市可持续发展中的战略地位，评析我国水桓交易的理论研究进展，在此基础上提出我国城市水源地建设保护过程中水权交易的走势判断。     

无锡市城镇化进程中土地利用变化及其环境效应

20世纪90年代,城市用地扩展是我国区域土地利用演化的主导过程,城市土地利用所引起的地表景观格局的变化又是引起地表各种地理过程变化的主要原因。基于Landsat TM图像解译的土地利用的动态图斑,分析了20年代90年代无锡市土地利用的变化态势。研究表明,土地利用变化主要体现为耕地向林地、水域、建设用地的转移．林地向耕地、建设用地的转移,以及草地、水域向建设用地的转移;20世纪90年代中后期,国家颁布的一系列基本农田保护和“退耕还林还草”的政策法规,在一定程度上限制了大量耕地被建设占用的趋势。土地利用快速变化也导致明显环境效应．主要表现为水环境的恶化和现代“城市病”等方面。因此,加强土地规划管理、合理利用土地资源、重视能源开发与基础设施建设,应成为今后区域土地资源开发、利用与保护的重点与方向。     

防烟面罩的研究

针对森林火灾对扑火人员的生命和健康构成严重危害的实际情况,采用高新技术、高分子透明耐高温罩体材料和带静电的超细纤维过滤材料,经粘合加工技术,研制成功了森林消防专用的多功能防护器具--防烟面罩,可以增强使用者的自防自救能力,减少或避免伤亡事故的发生.     

Role of dissolved organic carbon in the cosorption of copper and phthalate esters onto Yellow River sediments

Although the sorption mechanism of hydrophobic organic pollutants on soils or sediments has been widely studied, the effects of coexisting heavy metals are seldom reported, especially the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in sorption interactions involving heavy metals. This paper investigates the sorption interactions of phthalate esters (diethyl phthalate, DEP, and di-n-butyl phthalate, DnBP) and copper on Yellow River sediment in the presence of DOC. The results indicate that the sorption hardly varies for DEP but increases up to 20% for DnBP as the copper concentration increases in a water-sediment system with extremely low concentration of DOC. The copper-induced sorption of DnBP could be due to its complexation with copper, as well as its hydrophobicity. In a water-sediment system with the addition of 6.34 mg l(-1) of commercial humic acid (HA), the sorption of DEP is decreased by up to 37%, and that of DnBP is enhanced by up to 41%, as copper is gradually added. This finding is also consistent with the results for a river water-sediment system containing 8.1 mg l(-1) natural DOC. The copper-influenced sorption of DEP and DnBP are found to be due to the binding of copper to DOC that leads to the configuration change of DOC and thus to its enhanced sorption to sediment. By using polarograph and fluorescence spectrograph techniques, the complexation competition among coexisting phthalates, copper and DOC is examined. The resulting data confirm the significant role of DOC in sorption interactions.