分层型水库水体好氧不产氧光合细菌时空演替特征

好氧不产氧光合细菌（aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis bacteria,AAPB）以多样的群落结构及独特的代谢功能在水体物质循环中扮演着重要角色.基于实时荧光定量PCR及Illumina MiSeq高通量DNA测序技术研究金盆水库水体中AAPB丰度及群落结构时空演替特征,结合冗余分析揭示环境因子对其群落结构影响规律.结果表明,金盆水库水体AAPB丰度（以pufM基因计）变化范围为（6.70±0.43）×10³~（2.69±0.15）×10⁴ copies·mL^-1,最大值出现于10月,且随水深增加而减小.样本主要归为19个属（除未分类菌属外）,优势AAPB菌属包括慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium sp.）和甲烷菌属（Methylobacterium sp.）,两者隶属α-变形菌（α-Proteobacteria）,其中慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium sp.）占比于11月最高,高达60%以上（除10 m外）,此外也发现了以低比例存在的红长命菌属（Rubrivivax sp.）,隶属β-变形菌（β-Proteobacteria）.AAPB不同属间存在较强的互作关系,如红杆菌属（Rhodobacter sp.）与小红卵菌属（Rhodovulum sp.）呈正相关,噬氢菌属（Hydrogenophaga sp.）与慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium sp.）呈负相关等.AAPB种群结构组成及分布差异显著,主要受T、TN、NO₃^--N和光照强度影响,且由环境因素综合调控.如10月水深0、5和15 m水体AAPB种群结构受水温（T）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）显著影响,12月水深5 m水体AAPB种群结构受光照强度、pH、溶解氧（DO）和叶绿素a（Chla）显著影响等.研究结果对解析分层型水库水体AAPB丰度和多样性的时空变化特征具有指导意义,并为探索AAPB种群结构的水环境驱动因素提供理论依据.     

天津供水系统中抗生素分布变化特征与健康风险评价

通过采用固相萃取富集法和液相色谱质谱联用技术对天津市供水系统中净水厂和管网中的6类10种抗生素浓度水平进行了分析,研究了抗生素在各处理工艺单元后的变化特征,以及在管网中的分布迁移规律,并进行了健康风险评价.对不同处理工艺的A、B两水厂中抗生素的检测结果显示:采用传统处理工艺的A水厂出水中抗生素的质量浓度范围为0.96~126.43 ng·L~(-1),总去除率为-46.47%~45.10%,混凝工艺对抗生素物质的去除起主要作用;具有深度处理工艺的B水厂出水中抗生素的浓度为ND~72.27 ng·L~(-1),其中罗红霉素未检出,抗生素的去除效率为40.25%~70.33%,明显优于A水厂,紫外+氯消毒工艺对抗生素的去除最为明显.给水管网中抗生素浓度分析结果表明:10种抗生素中除罗红霉素检出率为75.0%外,其余均为100.0%.抗生素浓度范围为ND~348.99 ng·L~(-1),浓度随管段的延伸而逐渐降低,其衰减符合一级反应动力学模型.基于蒙特卡洛法对饮用水中抗生素的致癌风险和非致癌风险进行了评估,结果表明均处于可接受风险水平.     

基于多源数据的PM2.5浓度时空分布预测与制图

随着我国经济、工业化、城市化进程迅速发展,PM_(2.5)污染在中国已经成为一个极端的环境和社会问题,并引起广泛关注.采用新技术估算的地表PM_(2.5)质量浓度,收集并处理了遥感反演的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),气象数据,其他地理数据和污染物排放数据,采用贝叶斯最大熵(BME)结合地理加权回归(GWR)来分析2015年冬季的PM_(2.5)暴露在我国东部大范围区域的时空变异特征.结果表明,BME模型的十折交叉验证结果的决定系数R~2为0.92,均方根误差(RMSE)为8.32μg·m~(-3),平均拟合误差(MPE)为-0.042μg·m~(-3),平均绝对拟合误差(MAE)为4.60μg·m~(-3),与地理加权回归模型的结果相比(R~2=0.71,RMSE=15.68μg·m~(-3),MPE=-0.095μg·m~(-3),MAE=11.14μg·m~(-3)),BME的预测结果有极大的提高.空间上,PM_(2.5)高浓度地区主要集中在华北、长江三角洲、四川盆地,低浓度地区主要集中在中国的最南部如珠江三角洲和云南的西南部;时间上,不同月份的研究区域PM_(2.5)空间分布所有差别,2015年的12月、2016年1月PM_(2.5)污染最为严重,2015年的11月,2016年的2月污染相对较低.     

饮用水水源地水质监测预警管理信息系统开发与应用

结合饮用水水源地管理需求,设计开发包含在线监测、模拟分析、水质预警和风险应急等模块的饮用水水源地水质监测预警管理信息系统.本文介绍了该系统的功能设计.     

从人文关怀角度探讨促进企业安全生产主体责任落实的有效途径

企业安全生产主体责任的落实对企业长远发展具有重要的促进作用.作为企业的核心资源,员工能否健康发展关系着企业安全生产主体责任的落实水平.本文按照以人为本的发展理念,从生命的意义出发论述了企业引入人文关怀的必然性和重要性,并从生命关怀、道德关怀、权利关怀三个方面探讨了促进企业安全生产主体责任落实的有效途径,以为企业的安全管理工作提供借鉴.     

The potential of cropland soil carbon sequestration in the Loess Plateau, China

It is generally accepted that cropland soils could be managed to store significant carbon (C), however little information is available regarding the cropland soil C sequestration potential of the Loess Plateau in northern China. This study aimed to estimate the cropland soil C sequestration potential in this area using the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method with region-specific C stock change factors. The results show that the C sequestration potential can reach 6.054 Tg C yr^?1 (1Tg?=?10¹² g) in cropland soils of the Loess Plateau using techniques that are currently available (no-tillage and high residue incorporation). Although the results show a high degree of uncertainty in this estimate with 95 % confidence interval ranges from 2.623 to 11.94 Tg C yr^?1, our study suggests that cropland soil C sequestration could play a meaningful role in helping to mitigate greenhouse gas increases in the Chinese Loess Plateau.     

Birthweight of children with isolated congenital heart disease—A sibling analysis study

Objective

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with decreased birthweight (BW) compared to population-based references. The aim of this study was to compare the BW of isolated CHD cases to their siblings, thus controlling for unknown and unmeasured confounders within the family.

Methods

All isolated CHD cases in the Leiden University Medical Center were included (2002–2019). Generalized estimated equation models were constructed to compare BW z scores of CHD neonates with their siblings. Cases were clustered to minor or severe CHD and stratified according to the aortic flow and oxygenation to the brain.

Results

The overall BW z score of siblings was 0.032 (n = 471). The BW z score was significantly lower in CHD cases (n = 291) compared to their siblings (−0.20, p = 0.005). The results were consistent in the subgroup analysis of severe and minor CHD (BW z score difference −0.20 and −0.10), but did not differ significantly (p = 0.63). Stratified analysis regarding flow and oxygenation showed no BW difference between the groups (p = 0.1).

Conclusion

Isolated CHD cases display a significantly lower BW z score compared to their siblings. As the siblings of these CHD cases show a BW distribution similar to the general population, this suggests that shared environmental and maternal influences between siblings do not explain the difference in BW.     

铁杉属的起源、扩散与传播——基于化石证据【封面文章】

铁杉属是松科的重要组成部分,具有典型的北美—东亚间断分布特征。关于该属的起源、扩散与传播,目前存在较多的争议。本次研究收集了亚洲铁杉属大化石记录,整合了铁杉属花粉记录,获取地质历史时期该属在中国的分布,推测该属的起源和传播路径。该属大约起源于晚白垩世的西欧地区,于马特斯里赫特期—达宁期通过欧亚大陆传播到中国,而在古新世—始新世时期通过北大西洋陆桥传播到北美。早始新世以后北美与东亚的铁杉属植物可以通过白令陆桥进行物种交流,当图尔盖海峡在渐新世干涸后,铁杉属能够通过西西伯利亚和中亚哈萨克斯坦地区在欧亚大陆上交流。在晚中新世铁杉属可以通过北大西洋陆桥进行交流。依据化石记录推断的铁杉属起源和传播的结果与分子学研究存在一定差异,需要更多的铁杉属化石记录及分子学研究提供更可靠的证据。     

Copper stimulates the incidence of antibiotic resistance, metal resistance and potential pathogens in the gut of black soldier fly larvae

The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been successfully applied to treat various organic wastes. However, the impacts of heavy metals on antibiotic resistance in the BSFL guts are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of copper (exposure concentrations of 0, 100 and 800 mg/kg) on the antibiotic and metal resistance profiles in BSFL guts. A total of 83 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), 18 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and 6 metal resistance genes (MRGs) were observed in larval gut samples. Exposure to Cu remarkably reduced the diversity of ARGs and MGEs, but significantly enhanced the abundances of gut-associated ARGs and MRGs. The levels of MRGs copA, czcA and pbrT were dramatically strengthened after Cu exposure as compared with CK (increased by 2.8–13.5 times). Genera Enterococcus acted as the most predominant potential host of multiple ARG, MGE and MRG subtypes. Meanwhile, high exposure to Cu aggravated the enrichment of potential pathogens in BSFL guts, especially for Escherichia, Enterococcus and Salmonella species. The mantel test and procrustes analysis revealed that the gut microbial communities could be a key determinant for antibiotic and metal resistance. However, no significant positive links were observed between MGEs and ARGs or MRGs, possibly suggesting that MGEs did not play a crucial role in shaping the ARGs or MRGs in BSFL guts under the stress of Cu. These findings extend our understanding on the impact of heavy metals on the gut-associated antibiotic and metal resistome of BSFL.     

中国居民消费碳排放影响因素的时空异质性

研究我国居民消费间接碳排放的阶段性和区域性特征,对于制定社会经济新常态发展下的碳减排策略具有重要的现实意义.利用投入产出法和结构分解分析法,核算了2002~2017年中国居民消费间接碳排放水平,量化了影响因素对间接碳排放的贡献;利用地理加权回归模型定量描述了省域间接碳排放的时空分异特征.结果显示:2002~2017年中国居民消费间接碳排放呈现先增长后下降的趋势,“食品”类和“居住”类消费是其主要来源,占比42%~48%.新常态下,“直接碳排放强度”、“生产技术”和“消费倾向”因素的抑制作用显著加强,大大抵消了“收入规模”、“人口”及“消费结构”因素对碳排放的促进作用,促使碳排放降低了145MtC.省域间接碳排放从东至西呈现递减的分布特征,表现出一定的集聚性.碳排放的影响因素具有空间异质性,“生产技术”与碳排放呈现负相关关系,其他因素呈现正相关关系.其中,“人口”、“收入规模”及“直接碳排放强度”对碳排放的影响程度较为突出.