Integrated assessment of river health based on the conditions of water quality,aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index.Based on the method of cluster analysis (CA) for water quality indices, it reveals that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream.The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates.The result shows that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) are degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating.Physiochemical parameters, BOD5, CODCr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis.The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score, a comprehensive integrated assessing system of river ecological health was established.Based on the systimetic assesment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 "healthy" and "sub-healthy" sites and 8 "sub-sick" and "sick" sites.     

北极新奥尔松地区过去200年Hg污染记录及来源

自工业革命以来,Hg污染已经成为了全球性的问题.研究选取了采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-Alesund)地区富含苔藓植物残体的沉积剖面S2,对沉积样品进行Hg含量分析,结合210Pb-137Cs年代测定以及Hg沉降通量的计算,恢复了最近200年新奥尔松地区Hg的变化趋势,并重点探讨了工业革命以来引起S2剖面Hg沉积通量显著增加的主要因素.结果表明,工业革命以来,Hg含量明显上升,表层样品中Hg含量最高约为180 ng.g-1,人类污染Hg占总Hg的比例由30%上升至表层的90%,人为源Hg的输入已成为北极新奥尔松地区总Hg的主要来源.最近200年,Hg沉积通量为8～20μg.(m2.a)-1,并呈现3个明显峰值,分别对应于1800年、1880年和1970年左右.对比研究区煤炭生产量、全球Hg产量和S2剖面沉积通量记录的变化,表明当地Hg的输入主要来源于远距离大气污染物的传输作用,本地煤矿的开采和关闭可能对当地Hg沉积通量变化造成了一定的影响,但影响较小.新奥尔松地区的Hg污染程度与瑞典、加拿大等环北极地区相当,高于格陵兰地区,但仍明显低于美国、俄罗斯等工业化较高的国家.     

Bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China

A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in cole (Brassica campestris L.) and celery (Apium graveolens) grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction (F2) and Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3). However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 (exchangeable fraction), F2 and F3 increased significantly (p < 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3). The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high concentrations. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-concentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cole and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.     

复合曝气生物滤池运行参数的试验研究

以宜兴市华骐污水处理厂的二级出水作为研究对象,研究碳氮比、水力负荷和气水比对复合曝气生物滤池运行的影响。研究发现,以葡萄糖作碳源,当碳氮比6:1时,滤池对总氮的去除率能达到80%以上,出水亚硝酸盐浓度很低。保持碳氮比为6,随着水力负荷的增大,滤池对总氮的去除率会有所下降,但增大到3.5 m/h时,去除率仍保持在60%以上;水力负荷对于浊度和COD的去除率影响不是很大。随着气水比的增大,好氧段对于COD的去除率呈上升趋势。     

南京市市区1998-2009年间房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量估算及其影响因素分析

参考了前人对于拆迁建筑垃圾的研究,根据南京市相关统计数据,估算出1998-2009年间南京城市房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量,并比较了相关数据,得出估值合理。估算结果显示南京市房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量波动较大,但变化趋势大体为上升。影响因素分析显示南京市GDP与房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量1998-2003年间具有高度正相关性,2004-2009年正相关性减弱;市民法律意识的提高使得南京市房屋拆迁趋于合理,间接减缓了房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量的增长趋势;房屋拆迁政策的制定以及修订、社会事件对南京市房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量有短期的影响。最终得出结论随着城市房屋拆迁决策系统的发展,南京市房屋拆迁建筑垃圾产生量将趋于合理。     

基于PSCAD的风电并网模型无功补偿优化仿真

针对宁夏地区某风电场功率因数偏低,无法并网的情况,从性能与经济性两方面考虑,提出了基于SVG+FC方法的风力发电系统无功补偿方案,并详细分析了二者之间的优化配比问题,以提高输电功率因数。仿真结果表明:补偿方案在投资、性能和补偿效果方面均优于其他各种控制方式,具有可行性和经济性。     

钻井噪声特性分析与噪声治理

通过对钻井井场噪声源的分布及特性进行现场勘察分析得知:井场区域内各种设备产生的高强度噪声在70～110dB(A)之间,以中低频噪声为主,主要以柴油发电机房为中心,以球面波形式向四周辐射,对井场作业人员及周围250m范围内的居民和环境产生不同程度的噪声危害。为了有效控制噪声对作业人员及井场周围环境的危害,提出了对重点噪声源、噪声传播途径采取隔声、吸声、消声等降噪措施来降低噪声污染。     

燃煤电厂工业共生模式潜力及政策现状分析

工业共生是循环经济思想实践的重要途径之一,近年来针对国民经济各行业共生模式的理论探讨也越来越多;然而,从实践角度,对各种共生模式在现实中的应用潜力及其现状问题的分析还没有深入展开。文章以燃煤电厂为例,通过现有统计数据分析和政策分析方法,对火电行业及其脱硫产品、热电联产2类共生模式的发展潜力进行了分析。结果发现,全国火电脱硫机组的比例约为80%,然而仅有约50%左右的二氧化硫被去除,其中占脱硫产品90%的脱硫石膏的利用率仅为30%左右,各个环节均有很大的发展空间;此外,热机组仅占全国火电机组装机总容量的18.2%,由于其利用形式多样,发展空间很大;通过梳理2类共生模式相关的政策体系,初步分析了目前可能影响工业共生发展的各种问题。